I should also note that proving an appraisal wrong is not very easy. An appraisal is an opinion of value, highly dependent on the underlying assumptions. The only “real” value would be an actual arm’s length transaction; ie a sale between two disinterested parties.
KR was responding to TC Substack piece about the former that I posted. Morning Fern. How are you? Your long informative post this morning reminded me of blog piece from 2016 about the differences between self esteem (Americans get high marks)and self worth (some Americans don’t know the difference).
Thanks, Christine. I'm familiar with the difference between the two. Thank you for your offer. Please post as, perhaps, a review will sharpen my memory.
Oh. Your memory does not need the sharpening. I know you know difference. My thought of the essays came from your post this morning about “why is America so divided” and the research cited.
Christine, I was thinking of James Madison when I read the Pew analysis about the two parties' role in our toxic division. Now, as to my sometimes 'long' comments, when dealing with an important issue, I don't go for posting a personal opinion, and if I do, it is backed up by solid research. Personal opinions are valuable in the mix of comments, and comments with a selection of quotes and or articles are based on our learning and what each of us thinks may best inform subscribers. So, Christine, another long one is on the way.
'America Is Now the Divided Republic the Framers Feared'
'John Adams worried that “a division of the republic into two great parties … is to be dreaded as the great political evil.” And that’s exactly what has come to pass.'
'George Washington’s farewell address is often remembered for its warning against hyper-partisanship: “The alternate domination of one faction over another, sharpened by the spirit of revenge, natural to party dissension, which in different ages and countries has perpetrated the most horrid enormities, is itself a frightful despotism.” John Adams, Washington’s successor, similarly worried that “a division of the republic into two great parties … is to be dreaded as the great political evil.”
'America has now become that dreaded divided republic. The existential menace is as foretold, and it is breaking the system of government the Founders put in place with the Constitution.'
'Though America’s two-party system goes back centuries, the threat today is new and different because the two parties are now truly distinct, a development that I date to the 2010 midterms. Until then, the two parties contained enough overlapping multitudes within them that the sort of bargaining and coalition-building natural to multiparty democracy could work inside the two-party system. No more. America now has just two parties, and that’s it.'
'The theory that guided Washington and Adams was simple, and widespread at the time. If a consistent partisan majority ever united to take control of the government, it would use its power to oppress the minority. The fragile consent of the governed would break down, and violence and authoritarianism would follow. This was how previous republics had fallen into civil wars, and the Framers were intent on learning from history, not repeating its mistakes.'
'James Madison, the preeminent theorist of the bunch and rightly called the father of the Constitution, supported the idea of an “extended republic” (a strong national government, as opposed to 13 loosely confederated states) for precisely this reason. In a small republic, he reasoned, factions could more easily unite into consistent governing majorities. But in a large republic, with more factions and more distance, a permanent majority with a permanent minority was less likely.'
'The Framers thought they were using the most advanced political theory of the time to prevent parties from forming. By separating powers across competing institutions, they thought a majority party would never form. Combine the two insights—a large, diverse republic with a separation of powers—and the hyper-partisanship that felled earlier republics would be averted. Or so they believed.'
Fern, it is the TCinLA piece Christine linked and that I responded to. I read about Cushman’s involvement somewhere else, let me do a bit of sleuthing as I don’t remember where.
KR, Rather than suggest subscribers go on a fox hunt to read what you have recommended, why not copy the link and provide it as part of your comment? How many times has Christine posted? You are suggesting I check each one to find the link to TC's piece. Luckily, I subscribe to his 'Another fine mess...'
Subscribers are presumed by you to know that. In addition, replies are often separated from the initial comment. My suggestion would make follow-up easier for subscribers reading your comment.
KR, Please provide the link for the article you mentioned at the beginning of your comment or where it appeared. Thank you.
https://tcinla757.substack.com/p/how-he-gets-away-with-it?r=l2aa7&utm_campaign=post&utm_medium=web&utm_source=direct
Thanks, Kim. I subscribe, so once I received a hint from KR, I knew where to go. Cheers, Kim!
Here is a piece by CNN which mentions avoiding a paper trail with appraisers: https://www.cnn.com/2022/01/19/politics/takeaways-trump-organization/index.html
I should also note that proving an appraisal wrong is not very easy. An appraisal is an opinion of value, highly dependent on the underlying assumptions. The only “real” value would be an actual arm’s length transaction; ie a sale between two disinterested parties.
KR was responding to TC Substack piece about the former that I posted. Morning Fern. How are you? Your long informative post this morning reminded me of blog piece from 2016 about the differences between self esteem (Americans get high marks)and self worth (some Americans don’t know the difference).
Would you like to see the essays?
Thanks, Christine. I'm familiar with the difference between the two. Thank you for your offer. Please post as, perhaps, a review will sharpen my memory.
Oh. Your memory does not need the sharpening. I know you know difference. My thought of the essays came from your post this morning about “why is America so divided” and the research cited.
Christine, I was thinking of James Madison when I read the Pew analysis about the two parties' role in our toxic division. Now, as to my sometimes 'long' comments, when dealing with an important issue, I don't go for posting a personal opinion, and if I do, it is backed up by solid research. Personal opinions are valuable in the mix of comments, and comments with a selection of quotes and or articles are based on our learning and what each of us thinks may best inform subscribers. So, Christine, another long one is on the way.
'America Is Now the Divided Republic the Framers Feared'
'John Adams worried that “a division of the republic into two great parties … is to be dreaded as the great political evil.” And that’s exactly what has come to pass.'
'George Washington’s farewell address is often remembered for its warning against hyper-partisanship: “The alternate domination of one faction over another, sharpened by the spirit of revenge, natural to party dissension, which in different ages and countries has perpetrated the most horrid enormities, is itself a frightful despotism.” John Adams, Washington’s successor, similarly worried that “a division of the republic into two great parties … is to be dreaded as the great political evil.”
'America has now become that dreaded divided republic. The existential menace is as foretold, and it is breaking the system of government the Founders put in place with the Constitution.'
'Though America’s two-party system goes back centuries, the threat today is new and different because the two parties are now truly distinct, a development that I date to the 2010 midterms. Until then, the two parties contained enough overlapping multitudes within them that the sort of bargaining and coalition-building natural to multiparty democracy could work inside the two-party system. No more. America now has just two parties, and that’s it.'
'The theory that guided Washington and Adams was simple, and widespread at the time. If a consistent partisan majority ever united to take control of the government, it would use its power to oppress the minority. The fragile consent of the governed would break down, and violence and authoritarianism would follow. This was how previous republics had fallen into civil wars, and the Framers were intent on learning from history, not repeating its mistakes.'
'James Madison, the preeminent theorist of the bunch and rightly called the father of the Constitution, supported the idea of an “extended republic” (a strong national government, as opposed to 13 loosely confederated states) for precisely this reason. In a small republic, he reasoned, factions could more easily unite into consistent governing majorities. But in a large republic, with more factions and more distance, a permanent majority with a permanent minority was less likely.'
'The Framers thought they were using the most advanced political theory of the time to prevent parties from forming. By separating powers across competing institutions, they thought a majority party would never form. Combine the two insights—a large, diverse republic with a separation of powers—and the hyper-partisanship that felled earlier republics would be averted. Or so they believed.'
https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/01/two-party-system-broke-constitution/604213/
Fern, it is the TCinLA piece Christine linked and that I responded to. I read about Cushman’s involvement somewhere else, let me do a bit of sleuthing as I don’t remember where.
KR, Rather than suggest subscribers go on a fox hunt to read what you have recommended, why not copy the link and provide it as part of your comment? How many times has Christine posted? You are suggesting I check each one to find the link to TC's piece. Luckily, I subscribe to his 'Another fine mess...'
Fern, it’s literally in the post I was responding to. Hardly a fox hunt.
Subscribers are presumed by you to know that. In addition, replies are often separated from the initial comment. My suggestion would make follow-up easier for subscribers reading your comment.
Wow ok here ya go. https://tcinla757.substack.com/p/how-he-gets-away-with-it?r=l2aa7&utm_campaign=post&utm_medium=web&utm_source=direct