<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0" xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:googleplay="http://www.google.com/schemas/play-podcasts/1.0"><channel><title><![CDATA[Letters from an American]]></title><description><![CDATA[A newsletter about the history behind today's politics.]]></description><link>https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com</link><image><url>https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xhMO!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fheathercoxrichardson.substack.com%2Fimg%2Fsubstack.png</url><title>Letters from an American</title><link>https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com</link></image><generator>Substack</generator><lastBuildDate>Mon, 27 Apr 2026 20:02:33 GMT</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><copyright><![CDATA[Heather Cox Richardson]]></copyright><language><![CDATA[en]]></language><webMaster><![CDATA[heathercoxrichardson@gmail.com]]></webMaster><itunes:owner><itunes:email><![CDATA[heathercoxrichardson@gmail.com]]></itunes:email><itunes:name><![CDATA[Heather Cox Richardson]]></itunes:name></itunes:owner><itunes:author><![CDATA[Heather Cox Richardson]]></itunes:author><googleplay:owner><![CDATA[heathercoxrichardson@gmail.com]]></googleplay:owner><googleplay:email><![CDATA[heathercoxrichardson@gmail.com]]></googleplay:email><googleplay:author><![CDATA[Heather Cox Richardson]]></googleplay:author><itunes:block><![CDATA[Yes]]></itunes:block><item><title><![CDATA[April 26, 2026 ]]></title><description><![CDATA[Today Assistant Attorney General Brett A.]]></description><link>https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/april-26-2026</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/april-26-2026</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Heather Cox Richardson]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 27 Apr 2026 05:58:44 GMT</pubDate><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Today Assistant Attorney General Brett A. Shumate of the Department of Justice Civil Division wrote to the lawyer for the National Trust for Historic Preservation demanding that the organization drop its lawsuit against Trump&#8217;s planned ballroom on the site where the East Wing of the White House used to be.</p><p>The letter claimed that there was &#8220;another attempt on President Trump&#8217;s life&#8221; last night at the Washington Hilton, where Secret Service agents apprehended a man carrying a shotgun, a handgun, and multiple knives on the floor above the room where the White House Correspondents dinner was taking place.</p><p>The man, whom police have identified as Cole Tomas Allen, 31, of California, sprinted through a magnetometer before authorities stopped him. Shots were fired, although it remains unclear who fired them. A Secret Service agent wearing a bulletproof vest was shot but has been released from the hospital. According to the U.S. Attorney for the District of Columbia, Jeanine Pirro, the government is charging Cole with two counts of using a firearm and one count of assault on a federal officer using a dangerous weapon.</p><p>Shumate said last night&#8217;s incident &#8220;proves, yet again, that the White House ballroom is essential for the safety and security of the President, his family, his cabinet, and his staff. When the White House ballroom is complete, President Trump and his successors will no longer need to venture beyond the safety of the White House perimeter to attend large gatherings at the Washington Hilton ballroom. The White House ballroom will ensure the safety and security of the President for decades to come.&#8221;</p><p>&#8220;Put simply,&#8221; Shumate wrote, &#8220;your lawsuit puts the lives of the President, his family, and his staff at grave risk&#8230;. Enough is enough.&#8221; He demanded the National Trust for Historic Preservation &#8220;voluntarily dismiss this frivolous lawsuit today in light of last night&#8217;s assassination attempt on President Trump. If your client does not dismiss the lawsuit by 9:00 AM on Monday, the government will move to dissolve the injunction and dismiss the case in light of last night&#8217;s extraordinary events.&#8221;</p><p>This is an odd angle to take, since, as Bluesky user Tom Shafer pointed out, the Hilton ballroom seats 2,945 people and Trump says his proposed ballroom will seat only 999.  And to be clear, a judge has permitted the construction of the secure facility under the ballroom to continue despite the lawsuit; it&#8217;s just the ballroom itself that&#8217;s currently at issue.</p><p>Attending the White House Correspondents&#8217; Dinner is not an official requirement; this is actually the first time Trump has chosen to go as president. As Emily Davies, Isaac Arnsdorf, Jeremy Roebuck, and Joe Heim of the <em>Washington Post</em> reported today, the Trump administration could have provided a higher level of security last night as it has for other gatherings of high-ranking officials, but it did not designate the dinner as a &#8220;National Special Security Event.&#8221; Even so, Secret Service agents did indeed stop Cole before he could enter the ballroom.</p><p>Yesterday, David A. Fahrenthold, Luke Broadwater, and Andrea Fuller of the<em> New York Times</em> reported that the Trump administration has secretly awarded the company it chose to build the ballroom a no-bid $17.4 million contract to repair two ornamental fountains in Lafayette Park near the White House. In 2022 the Biden administration estimated the cost of the work to be $3.3 million. The journalists explain that the Trump administration dramatically increased the estimated cost by adding an additional 27% for inflation and then adding another inflation estimate of 24%, then increased its estimate by another 50% because it wanted to get the fountains fixed quickly, then simply gave the contract to Maryland-based Clark Construction.</p><p>While Trump claims the ballroom will be paid for by private donations, the government will pay for the fountain repairs. This means the contract should have been open for competitive bidding. To justify awarding the contract without that process, the journalists report, the administration cited an &#8220;urgency&#8221; exception to normal procedures meant for war or natural disasters.</p><p>The focus on last night&#8217;s event has obscured this upcoming week&#8217;s big story.</p><p>Trump has justified his refusal to seek congressional approval for his attack on Iran by claiming Iran posed an &#8220;imminent threat&#8221; to the U.S. While Trump&#8217;s own intelligence agencies contradicted that claim, it enabled Republicans to argue that Trump had authority to launch the strikes under the 1973 War Powers Act, which allows the president to act to counter an &#8220;imminent&#8221; threat.</p><p>But the War Powers Act says the president must notify Congress of any such action within 48 hours of its start. Then, by 60 days after that notification, the president has to stop using the military for that action unless the Congress either declares war or authorizes the use of the military for that specific action. Democrats have fought hard against Trump&#8217;s unilateral decision to go to war, but Republicans have refused to press him to get congressional approval, apparently hoping that Trump would find a way out of the Middle East crisis before hitting the 60-day mark.</p><p>But so far he has not, and the 60-day window closes on May 1.</p><p>Trump appears to believe the U.S. blockade of Iranian ports will hurt the country so badly that Iranian leaders will have to agree to his demands. But that pressure will take time to build. &#8220;I have all the time in the World, but Iran doesn&#8217;t,&#8221; he posted Thursday. He told reporters: &#8220;Don&#8217;t rush me. Don&#8217;t rush me&#8230;. So we were in Vietnam, like, for 18 years; we were in Iraq for many, many years.&#8230; I don&#8217;t like to say World War II, because that was a biggie, but we were four and a half, almost five years in World War II. And we were in the Korean war for seven years. I&#8217;ve been doing this for six weeks.&#8221;</p><p>If Trump doesn&#8217;t find an end to the conflict, Republicans must either vote to authorize what is already a deeply unpopular war or let Trump continue his war without congressional approval, adding fuel to accusations that he is becoming a dictator. After all, Trump claimed in January, after he had attacked Venezuela without congressional approval, that the War Powers Act is unconstitutional and would &#8220;take away our Powers to fight and defend the United States of America.&#8221;</p><p>The idea that the president can use the military as he wishes without authority from Congress demolishes one of the fundamental principles of our democracy: that we have a right to a say in how our lives and treasure are spent.</p><p>Rather than enabling Trump, Republicans could reassert the authority the Framers of the Constitution put in Congress&#8217;s hands and stop his deadly blundering.</p><p>&#8220;We&#8217;ve heard a lot of talk from Republicans that they&#8217;ll give this president 60 days,&#8221; the second-ranking Democrat in the House, Katherine Clark of Massachusetts, told Mike Lillis of <em>The Hill</em>. &#8220;And this is a failed effort. And it&#8217;s long past time that he come to Congress and explain what the strategy is and what the exit is. Republicans have been saying that is a crucial timeline for them. So put your vote up on the board.&#8221;</p><p>&#8212;</p><p>Notes:</p><p><a href="https://www.cnn.com/2026/04/26/us/white-house-correspondents-dinner-shooter-teacher-invs">https://www.cnn.com/2026/04/26/us/white-house-correspondents-dinner-shooter-teacher-invs</a></p><p><a href="https://www.kptv.com/2025/10/20/demolition-begins-east-wing-white-house-build-trumps-ballroom/?fbclid=IwY2xjawRbt2VleHRuA2FlbQIxMQBicmlkETF5OFFjSE51MEJSM1FBeURSc3J0YwZhcHBfaWQQMjIyMDM5MTc4ODIwMDg5MgABHhCq3vTWmWXctKxE4kylgfLcacs8DZ21uCao6qNH56-fKMJsFplbKhsmVu-l_aem_2J9vkJxCfs7v-xiny6zi_g">https://www.kptv.com/2025/10/20/demolition-begins-east-wing-white-house-build-trumps-ballroom/</a></p><p><a href="https://thevendry.com/venue/163550/washington-hilton-washington-dc/space/30057">https://thevendry.com/venue/163550/washington-hilton-washington-dc/space/30057</a></p><p><a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/judge-halts-construction-trumps-white-house-ballroom-allows-work-under-rcna332202">https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/judge-halts-construction-trumps-white-house-ballroom-allows-work-under-rcna332202</a></p><p><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2026/04/25/us/politics/lafayette-park-fountains-trump-contract.html">https://www.nytimes.com/2026/04/25/us/politics/lafayette-park-fountains-trump-contract.html</a></p><p><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2026/04/26/white-house-correspondents-dinner-security-status/">https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2026/04/26/white-house-correspondents-dinner-security-status/</a></p><p><a href="https://www.cnn.com/2026/03/18/politics/takeaways-intelligence-officials-worldwide-threats-war-iran#:~:text=Kent%20did%20so%20while%20suggesting,to%20know%20from%20Wednesday's%20hearing%3A">https://www.cnn.com/2026/03/18/politics/takeaways-intelligence-officials-worldwide-threats-war-iran</a></p><p><a href="https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/news/war-powers-resolution-1973">https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/news/war-powers-resolution-1973</a></p><p><a href="https://psc.uncg.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/War-Powers-Act.pdf">https://psc.uncg.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/War-Powers-Act.pdf</a></p><p><a href="https://thehill.com/homenews/house/5846206-democrats-iran-war-powers-votes/">https://thehill.com/homenews/house/5846206-democrats-iran-war-powers-votes/</a></p><p><a href="https://thehill.com/homenews/senate/5843964-republicans-iran-war-trump-war-powers/">https://thehill.com/homenews/senate/5843964-republicans-iran-war-trump-war-powers/</a></p><p><a href="https://www.cnn.com/2026/04/25/politics/war-powers-act-trump-iran-war-congress-analysis">https://www.cnn.com/2026/04/25/politics/war-powers-act-trump-iran-war-congress-analysis</a></p><p>Donald Judd, &#8220;Trump declines to give a timeline on ending war with Iran: &#8216;Don&#8217;t rush me&#8217;&#8221; <em>CNN</em>, April 23, 2026.</p><p><a href="https://www.npr.org/sections/the-picture-show/2026/04/26/g-s1-118806/photos-the-aftermath-of-the-white-house-correspondents-dinner-shooting">https://www.npr.org/sections/the-picture-show/2026/04/26/g-s1-118806/photos-the-aftermath-of-the-white-house-correspondents-dinner-shooting</a></p><p><a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-says-he-doesnt-want-to-call-iran-conflict-a-war-because-of-need-for-congressional-approval/">https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-says-he-doesnt-want-to-call-iran-conflict-a-war-because-of-need-for-congressional-approval/</a></p><p>Bluesky:</p><p><a href="https://bsky.app/profile/ericcolumbus.bsky.social/post/3mkgluoxj7k2g">ericcolumbus.bsky.social/post/3mkgluoxj7k2g</a></p><p><a href="https://bsky.app/profile/tomshafshafer.bsky.social/post/3mkgp6ryos22r">tomshafshafer.bsky.social/post/3mkgp6ryos22r</a></p><p><a href="https://bsky.app/profile/ericmgarcia.bsky.social/post/3mbwlhaatfs2e">ericmgarcia.bsky.social/post/3mbwlhaatfs2e</a></p><p><a href="https://bsky.app/profile/paleofuture.bsky.social/post/3mk6mysvtlk2w">paleofuture.bsky.social/post/3mk6mysvtlk2w</a></p><p><a href="https://bsky.app/profile/atrupar.com/post/3mk6sobd3xh2t">atrupar.com/post/3mk6sobd3xh2t</a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/april-26-2026?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/april-26-2026?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><p></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[White House Correspondents' Dinner]]></title><link>https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/white-house-correspondents-dinner</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/white-house-correspondents-dinner</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Heather Cox Richardson]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 26 Apr 2026 18:18:52 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/195547643/c86329eecad7b9a027904cb72c0d5f7c.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[April 25, 2026 ]]></title><description><![CDATA[Tonight the White House Correspondents&#8217; Association (WHCA) held its annual black-tie dinner, which is designed both to raise money for the institution and to provide a glitzy night out for journalists.]]></description><link>https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/april-25-2026</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/april-25-2026</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Heather Cox Richardson]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 26 Apr 2026 04:55:38 GMT</pubDate><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Tonight the White House Correspondents&#8217; Association (WHCA) held its annual black-tie dinner, which is designed both to raise money for the institution and to provide a glitzy night out for journalists. In recent years the event has drawn criticism for the chumminess it reveals between White House journalists and the lawmakers they cover. This year, that concern was heightened dramatically when the WHCA invited President Donald J. Trump to attend the dinner and to give a speech.</p><p>Since he entered the political arena, Trump has denigrated the press and even urged supporters to attack journalists, but in his second term his administration has gone further, trying to silence the press with lawsuits or threats of them against media outlets and individuals, blocking access to the White House and the Pentagon for journalists Trump dislikes, personally attacking female journalists, arresting independent journalists Don Lemon and Georgia Fort, and raiding the home of <em>Washington Post</em> political correspondent Hannah Natanson. Inviting him to address the press at a fancy dinner seemed to normalize his attacks on the First Amendment.</p><p>While it is customary for a president to attend at least one WHCA dinner, where traditionally a comedian roasts him, Trump has always refused to attend. This year, though, he agreed (although a mentalist was engaged to perform instead of the usual comedian). With his job approval numbers plummeting and the administration mired in a war in Iran that Trump appears to have started on a whim, along with the economy stumbling, there was plenty of speculation about what he would say at the event and how journalists should react if he used the opportunity to insult them.</p><p>We will probably never know. Something happened at the event that made Secret Service agents evacuate Trump and First Lady Melania Trump. Exactly what happened is not yet clear: it appears law enforcement stopped an armed man outside the event, and a subsequent noise alarmed dinner attendees and Secret Service agents, who rushed the president, the first lady, and other government officials to a secure location.</p><p>During the confusion, as Trump was being held near the ballroom, he posted: &#8220;Quite an evening in D.C. Secret Service and Law Enforcement did a fantastic job. They acted quickly and bravely. The shooter has been apprehended, and I have recommended that we &#8216;LET THE SHOW GO ON&#8217; but, will entirely be guided by Law Enforcement. They will make a decision shortly. Regardless of that decision, the evening will be much different than planned, and we&#8217;ll just, plain, have to do it again.&#8221;</p><p>Then, at 8:36, he posted that law enforcement &#8220;has requested that we leave the premises, consistent with protocol, which we will do, immediately. I will be giving a press conference in 30 minutes from the White House Press Briefing Room. The First Lady, plus the Vice President, and all Cabinet members, are in perfect condition. We will be speaking to you in a half an hour. I have spoken with the representatives in charge of the event, and we will be rescheduling within 30 days.&#8221;</p><p>Trump took to the podium a little after 10:30. Referring to the threat of a shooting at the White House Correspondents Dinner&#8212;which has never happened before&#8212;he said: &#8220;I will say, you know, it&#8217;s not a particularly secure building, and, uh, I didn&#8217;t want to say this, but this is why we have to have all of the attributes of what we&#8217;re planning at the White House. It&#8217;s actually a larger room, and it&#8217;s much more secure. It&#8217;s got&#8212; It&#8217;s drone proof. It&#8217;s bulletproof glass. We need the ballroom. That&#8217;s why Secret Service, that&#8217;s why the military are demanding it. They&#8217;ve wanted the ballroom for 150 years for lots of different reasons, but today&#8217;s, uh, a little bit different, because today, we need levels of security that probably nobody&#8217;s ever seen before.&#8221;</p><p>Trump said that there was a record crowd at tonight&#8217;s event and that he felt everyone coming together, but he urged people to do so even more fully in light of what he said was another attempt on his life. In response to a question about why Trump thought attempts on his life happened so frequently&#8212;a reminder: there is as yet no information about what the man&#8217;s plan or motives were&#8212;he responded that assassins come for &#8220;impactful people&#8221; and boasted of how much he has done for the country.</p><p>The Framers of our government enshrined the right to freedom of the press in our Constitution along with the right to gather together, to practice any religion we want (including none at all), the right to say what we want, and the right to ask our government to do (or not to do) things. After writing a new constitution that created a far stronger national government than existed under the Articles of Confederation, which had underpinned the government since 1777 (although the Articles were not ratified until 1781), the Framers designed the ten amendments that make up the Bill of Rights to hold back government power.</p><p>The power to control what citizens can publish about the government would give leaders the power to destroy democracy. A free press is imperative to keep people informed about what leaders are doing. Lose it, and those in power can do whatever they wish without accountability.</p><p>From the beginning of the American republic, though, the press was openly partisan. This meant the president worked quite closely with newspaper reporters from his own party while ignoring, or sometimes even trying to silence, his opponents. By the 1880s the country had begun to turn against the partisan press and to &#8220;independent&#8221; newspapers, and the number of papers took off.</p><p>No longer advocates for a party position and eager to attract readers, reporters began to look for new, exciting stories. And not much was more exciting in 1886 than a marriage in the White House. On June 2 of that year, 49-year-old President Grover Cleveland married 21-year-old Frances Folsom, who had been his unofficial ward, in the Blue Room.</p><p>Reporters had dogged their courtship (many thought he was interested in her more age-appropriate mother), and they flocked after the newlyweds, finally prompting the irritated president to ask his personal secretary to keep them away. But while the president was angry at the scrutiny, editors recognized a good story, and by the end of Cleveland&#8217;s first term, a reporter had figured out he could just stay at the White House and write columns based on interviews with people coming from meetings with the president. Other papers immediately stationed their own people at the White House.</p><p>In Cleveland&#8217;s second term, which started in 1893, his private secretary worked directly with the press. Through the next few presidencies, the role of press secretary began to take shape. Theodore Roosevelt relished attention from reporters. When his shy successor William Howard Taft shunned them, they complained he was hiding things.</p><p>So, shortly after he took office in 1913, President Woodrow Wilson held the nation&#8217;s first press conference, only to complain both that reporters were quoting statements he considered off the record and that the conferences were a free-for-all in which anyone could shout out questions, often ones Wilson found irritating (like his opinion about Groundhog Day).</p><p>In 1914, rumors circulated that Congress might begin to choose which reporters would be allowed at Wilson&#8217;s press conferences. In alarm, eleven White House reporters organized the White House Correspondents&#8217; Association. In 1921, as part of their annual election of officers, fifty members of the growing WHCA held a dinner. With former newspaperman Warren G. Harding in the White House, they were in a celebratory mood despite Prohibition (which they ignored). Taking their cue from the famous Gridiron Club, which held dinners where they roasted politicians, WHCA members poked fun at the administration and Congress.</p><p>While at first the reporters simply wanted access to the president, as the WHCA became an established force it came to work for transparency more generally, recognizing that journalists are the main eyes and voice of the people. It protected press passes for journalists who regularly covered the White House, and assigned seats in the briefing room.</p><p>But all that changed in February 2025, after Trump took office for the second time. White House press secretary Karoline Leavitt announced that the administration would no longer recognize the role of the WHCA in managing the White House press pool. Instead, she said the &#8220;White House press team&#8221; would control access to the White House. At the time, then&#8211;WHCA president Eugene Daniels said the change &#8220;tears at the independence of a free press in the United States&#8221; and &#8220;suggests the government will choose the journalists who cover the president.&#8221;</p><p>&#8220;In a free country,&#8221; Daniels said, &#8220;leaders must not be able to choose their own press corps.&#8221;</p><p>Trump repeated tonight that the White House Correspondents&#8217; Dinner will be rescheduled.</p><p>&#8212;</p><p>Notes:</p><p><a href="https://www.huffpost.com/entry/trump-intimidating-attacking-journalists_n_69ea5c60e4b0bb584bc9be11">https://www.huffpost.com/entry/trump-intimidating-attacking-journalists_n_69ea5c60e4b0bb584bc9be11</a></p><p><a href="https://www.whitehousehistory.org/press-room/press-timelines/the-white-house-and-the-press-timeline">https://www.whitehousehistory.org/press-room/press-timelines/the-white-house-and-the-press-timeline</a></p><p><a href="https://whca.press/about/history/">https://whca.press/about/history/</a></p><p><a href="https://whca.press/covering-the-white-house/">https://whca.press/covering-the-white-house/</a></p><p><a href="https://whca.press/news/annual-dinner/">https://whca.press/news/annual-dinner/</a></p><p><a href="https://www.newsweek.com/white-house-correspondents-dinner-does-taxpayer-pay-it-1403484">https://www.newsweek.com/white-house-correspondents-dinner-does-taxpayer-pay-it-1403484</a></p><p><a href="https://edition.cnn.com/2025/02/25/media/white-house-correspondents-pool/index.html#:~:text=Not%20anymore%2C%E2%80%9D%20White%20House%20press,regular%20updates%2C%20photos%20and%20video">https://edition.cnn.com/2025/02/25/media/white-house-correspondents-pool/index.html</a></p><p><a href="https://www.wral.com/president-donald-trump-speaks-from-the-white-house-after-shots-fired-at-correspondents-dinner/22351919/">https://www.wral.com/president-donald-trump-speaks-from-the-white-house-after-shots-fired-at-correspondents-dinner/22351919/</a></p><p>YouTube:</p><p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8exXUMcU20&amp;t=1561s">watch?v=S8exXUMcU20&amp;t=1561s</a></p><p>Bluesky:</p><p><a href="https://bsky.app/profile/atrupar.com/post/3mkegbm3uns26">atrupar.com/post/3mkegbm3uns26</a></p><p><a href="https://bsky.app/profile/sentdefender-mirr.selfhosted.social/post/3mkefnzwkwu2b">sentdefender-mirr.selfhosted.social/post/3mkefnzwkwu2b</a></p><p><a href="https://bsky.app/profile/artcandee.bsky.social/post/3mkejncwp5s2t">artcandee.bsky.social/post/3mkejncwp5s2t</a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/april-25-2026?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/april-25-2026?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Establishing the United Nations]]></title><link>https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/establishing-the-united-nations</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/establishing-the-united-nations</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Heather Cox Richardson]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 25 Apr 2026 18:12:33 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/195461789/0da032f586441cab32b7b81b24fa9477.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[April 24, 2026]]></title><description><![CDATA[On April 25, 1945, delegates from fifty nations met in San Francisco to establish a permanent forum for international cooperation: the United Nations.]]></description><link>https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/april-24-2026</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/april-24-2026</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Heather Cox Richardson]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 25 Apr 2026 07:08:52 GMT</pubDate><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>On April 25, 1945, delegates from fifty nations met in San Francisco to establish a permanent forum for international cooperation: the United Nations.</p><p>Even before the U.S. entered World War II, U.S. president Franklin Delano Roosevelt and British prime minister Winston Churchill and their advisors laid out principles for an international system that could prevent future world wars. In the 1941 Atlantic Charter, they declared that countries should not invade each other and therefore the world should work toward disarmament, and that international cooperation and trade thanks to freedom of the seas would help to knit the world together with rising prosperity and human rights.</p><p>Between 1942 and 1945, forty-seven nations signed the Declaration by United Nations, a treaty formalizing the alliance that stood against the fascist Axis powers. The treaty declared that signatories would not sign separate peace agreements with Germany, Italy, or Japan and would work together to create a world based on the 1941 Atlantic Charter.</p><p>In October 1943 the governments of the U.S., the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, and China declared that they would continue to cooperate with each other after the war ended, and that they recognized the need to establish an international organization, &#8220;based on the principle of the sovereign equality of all peace-loving states, and open to membership by all such states, large and small, for the maintenance of international peace and security.&#8221;</p><p>To create that organization, representatives from those four nations met at the Dumbarton Oaks estate in Washington, D.C., in late summer and fall 1944. They hammered out the Dumbarton Oaks Proposals for an international organization called the United Nations. Its purpose would be to maintain international peace and security by acting collectively to stop aggression and settle international disputes, to strengthen ties between nations, and to work together to solve problems.</p><p>The organization was based on &#8220;the principle of the sovereign equality of all peace-loving states,&#8221; and membership in it would be open to all such states.</p><p>In February 1945, President Roosevelt, Prime Minister Churchill, and General Secretary Joseph Stalin met near Yalta in Crimea to discuss the postwar world. The Allies had liberated France and Belgium, and the Germans had lost the Battle of the Bulge in late January, while Soviet forces were within 50 miles of Berlin. It was clear that the end of the war in Europe was coming.</p><p>At Yalta the three leaders hashed out the last pieces of the proposed United Nations and agreed that &#8220;a United Nations conference on the proposed world organization should be summoned for Wednesday, 25 April, 1945, and should be held in the United States of America.&#8221; Those invited to the conference would be &#8220;the United Nations as they existed on 8 Feb[ruary], 1945&#8221; and any associated nation that had &#8220;declared war on the common enemy by 1 March, 1945.&#8221;</p><p>On March 1 a visibly exhausted Roosevelt addressed the nation. &#8220;A conference of all the United Nations of the world will meet in San Francisco on April 25, 1945,&#8221; he said. &#8220;There, we all hope, and confidently expect, to execute a definite charter of organization under which the peace of the world will be preserved and the forces of aggression permanently outlawed.&#8221;</p><p>&#8220;This time we are not making the mistake of waiting until the end of the war to set up the machinery of peace. This time,&#8221; he said, in reference to the failed League of Nations after World War I, &#8220;as we fight together to win the war finally, we work together to keep it from happening again.&#8221;</p><p>Roosevelt explained: &#8220;The structure of world peace cannot be the work of one man, or one party, or one Nation. It cannot be just an American peace, or a British peace, or a Russian, a French, or a Chinese peace. It cannot be a peace of large Nations&#8212;or of small Nations. It must be a peace which rests on the cooperative effort of the whole world.</p><p>&#8220;It cannot be a structure of complete perfection at first. But it can be a peace&#8212;and it will be a peace&#8212;based on the sound and just principles of the Atlantic Charter&#8212;on the concept of the dignity of the human being&#8212;and on the guarantees of tolerance and freedom of religious worship.&#8221;</p><p>Roosevelt died on April 12, 1945 and less than two weeks later, on April 25, 3,500 people arrived at the San Francisco conference: 850 delegates and their staff and advisors, along with the staff of the conference. To follow developments, more than 2,500 reporters and observers were also there.</p><p>The conference organizers divided the delegates into committees to figure out how, exactly, to make the United Nations work. Together they wrote, and then adopted unanimously, the United Nations charter.</p><p>&#8220;We the peoples of the United Nations,&#8221; the preamble to that document began, are determined &#8220;to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind.&#8221; The document declares the signers &#8220;faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small.&#8221; It calls for the maintenance of international treaties and international law.</p><p>The preamble also called for countries to live in peace with each other, uniting their strength to maintain international peace and security and making sure that &#8220;armed force shall not be used&#8221; unless it is in the common interest. As Roosevelt and Churchill had called for in the 1941 Atlantic Charter, it called for nations to work together &#8220;for the promotion of the economic and social advancement of all peoples.&#8221;</p><p>&#8220;To accomplish these aims,&#8221; the signatories announced, &#8220;[we] have resolved to combine our efforts.&#8221; </p><p>&#8212;</p><p>Notes:</p><p><a href="https://avalon.law.yale.edu/wwii/moscow.asp">https://avalon.law.yale.edu/wwii/moscow.asp</a></p><p><a href="https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1943v01/d684#:~:text=recognizing%20the%20necessity%20of%20ensuring,of%20international%20peace%20and%20security">https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1943v01/d684</a></p><p><a href="https://digital.library.cornell.edu/catalog/ss:21796682">https://digital.library.cornell.edu/catalog/ss:21796682</a></p><p><a href="https://avalon.law.yale.edu/wwii/moscow.asp">https://avalon.law.yale.edu/wwii/moscow.asp</a></p><p><a href="https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/address-congress-the-yalta-conference">https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/address-congress-the-yalta-conference</a></p><p><a href="https://avalon.law.yale.edu/wwii/yalta.asp">https://avalon.law.yale.edu/wwii/yalta.asp</a></p><p><a href="https://www.un.org/en/about-us/history-of-the-un/san-francisco-conference">https://www.un.org/en/about-us/history-of-the-un/san-francisco-conference</a></p><p><a href="https://www.un.org/en/about-us/un-charter/preamble">https://www.un.org/en/about-us/un-charter/preamble</a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/april-24-2026?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/april-24-2026?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Purges at the Pentagon]]></title><link>https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/purges-at-the-pentagon</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/purges-at-the-pentagon</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Heather Cox Richardson]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 24 Apr 2026 19:29:00 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/195382678/37f17ad6e4de40680f565471b1405365.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[April 23, 2026]]></title><description><![CDATA[Yesterday Secretary of the Navy John Phelan spent the day talking to lawmakers about the Navy&#8217;s plans for new ships and about the Pentagon&#8217;s huge budget request only to get a call from Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth asking him to resign.]]></description><link>https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/april-23-2026</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/april-23-2026</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Heather Cox Richardson]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 24 Apr 2026 06:48:41 GMT</pubDate><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Yesterday Secretary of the Navy John Phelan spent the day talking to lawmakers about the Navy&#8217;s plans for new ships and about the Pentagon&#8217;s huge budget request only to get a call from Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth asking him to resign. Phelan is a billionaire businessman who had no previous military experience but who raised millions of dollars for Trump&#8217;s 2024 presidential campaign.</p><p>Haley Britzky, Zachary Cohen, Kristen Holmes, Natasha Bertrand, and Kaitlan Collins of CNN report that Phelan&#8217;s close relationship with President Donald J. Trump has irked Hegseth, who saw Phelan&#8217;s direct communications with the president as an attempt to go around him. And Deputy Defense Secretary Stephen Feinberg, a close ally of Hegseth&#8217;s, wanted to take over shipbuilding and Navy acquisitions, jobs that normally fall to the secretary of the Navy.</p><p>As the title of an article by Drew FitzGerald, Lara Seligman, and Marcus Weisgerber of the <em>Wall Street Journal</em> noted earlier this month, Feinberg is a billionaire thanks to his career in private equity and now is mounting &#8220;his biggest takeover yet: the Pentagon.&#8221; Feinberg is pushing Congress to pass the $1.5 trillion military budget Trump wants while at the same time overseeing the newly created Economic Defense Unit (EDU) in the Defense Department. The EDU is directing government investment in private sector defense contractors and has cut deals for the government to start taking equity stakes in those businesses.</p><p>Greg Jaffe and Helene Cooper of the <em>New York Times </em>reported that Trump has been frustrated by Phelan&#8217;s inability to fulfill his demand for the first of his new battleships by 2028, an inability caused by the fact that the U.S. shipbuilding industry doesn&#8217;t have the capacity to do it. At a Wednesday meeting with Trump, Hegseth and Feinberg convinced the president that Phelan had to go.</p><p>According to the CNN reporters, Trump told Hegseth to &#8220;take care of it,&#8221; prompting his phone call to ask for Phelan&#8217;s resignation. But Phelan didn&#8217;t believe Trump knew of the request, so he called officials at the White House to ask if they had heard he had been asked to resign and whether Trump knew. At about 5:30, Pentagon spokesperson Sean Parnell posted on social media that &#8220;Secretary of the Navy John C. Phelan is departing the administration, effective immediately.&#8221;</p><p>Still unconvinced, Phelan finally went to the White House to meet with  Trump, who did not see him but later confirmed in a phone call that Phelan was out.</p><p>On social media yesterday, Trump posted two different <em>New York Times</em> pieces about the 2004 ratings for the television reality show <em>The Apprentice, </em>in which he starred as a business executive whose famous line was &#8220;You&#8217;re fired!&#8221; Today, on social media, Trump&#8217;s account posted: &#8220;John Phelan is a long time friend, and very successful businessman, who did an outstanding job serving as my Secretary Of The Navy for the last year. I very much appreciate the job that he has done, and would certainly like to have him back within the Trump Administration sometime in the future.&#8221;</p><p>Lara Seligman, Josh Dawsey, Alexander Ward, and Natalie Andrews of the <em>Wall Street Journal </em>noted today that Trump sided with Hegseth over Phelan, who was his friend and neighbor and raised millions of dollars for him. Phelan&#8217;s firing shows that Trump still supports Hegseth despite his missteps and high-level firings as Hegseth seeks to remake the Pentagon.</p><p>Dan Lamothe, Tara Copp, and Noah Robertson of the <em>Washington Post</em> note that Hegseth has purged the military of its most senior ranks, including &#8220;the top generals and admirals of every branch of service except for the Marine Corps and Space Force, several military lawyers and even the head of the Army&#8217;s chaplain corps.&#8221;</p><p>Today the Pentagon cracked down on the independence of <em>Stars and Stripes</em>, the newspaper charged with providing &#8220;independent news and information to the U.S. military community.&#8221; <em>Stars and Stripes</em> operates out of the Department of Defense. In order to make sure the paper protects freedom of the press and remains independent of the Pentagon rather than becoming a propaganda outlet, Congress provided for it to be overseen by an ombudsman who regularly reports to Congress. Today the current ombudsman, Jacqueline Smith, reported that she has been fired.</p><p>Smith has publicly criticized Hegseth&#8217;s crackdown on press freedom, and noted in a farewell column today that &#8220;[n]o one should be surprised that they&#8217;re kicking out the one person charged by Congress with protecting <em>Stars and Stripes</em>&#8217; editorial independence. For nearly a year, Pentagon leadership has placed more and more restrictions on the mainstream media.&#8221; She said she &#8220;knew there would be perils for speaking out against Pentagon attempts to control the news&#8221; and urged Americans not to let <em>Stars and Stripes</em> &#8220;be controlled by Pentagon brass.&#8221;</p><p>While Hegseth is shaping the military to his own specifications and Feinberg is working to tie the government and an expanded military more tightly together, Republicans in Congress are trying to strengthen the power of the president over the American people for the next three years.</p><p>As Charles Tiefer of <em>Talking Points Memo</em> reported today, Senate majority leader John Thune (R-SD) has proposed funding Immigrations and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and Customs and Border Protection (CBP), the parent agency for Border Patrol, through budget reconciliation, a process that cannot be filibustered in the Senate. Because Republicans control both the House and the Senate, this means things tucked into a budget reconciliation measure can pass without any Democratic votes.</p><p>Senate Democrats refused to fund ICE and CBP for 2026 until Republicans agreed to reform the rules for the agents&#8217; behavior, including requiring them to get a warrant from a judge before breaking into someone&#8217;s home&#8212;as courts have always required before this administration&#8212;and to take off their masks.</p><p>But Republicans have refused to agree to those reforms and are turning to funding through budget reconciliation so they don&#8217;t have to negotiate. And rather than funding ICE and CBP for the year, as the rest of the appropriations bills do, Thune is proposing to fund them for the next three years, taking away Congress&#8217;s power to reform ICE and CBP by withholding funds not just for 2026, but for 2027 and for 2028. Even if Democrats take control of the House or Senate after 2026, they could not reform ICE or CBP, which would remain a growing force under the president&#8217;s control.</p><p>Today Thune also teed up a vote on a bill to extend Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 for three years, until April 2029. Both Democrats and Republicans are concerned that the system for collecting information on foreigners who appear to pose a threat to the U.S. can also sweep in U.S. citizens, enabling the government to surveil citizens without a judicial warrant. They want to make sure there are stronger guardrails in place to keep the government within constitutional limits. The House has been trying to hammer out a measure with cosmetic reforms, but if it fails, Thune will try to pass a three-year extension of Section 702 with no reforms, taking away from Congress the ability to limit problematic government surveillance.</p><p>But the tide defending democratic values continues to rise.</p><p>On Tuesday, more than 100 former NASA astronauts announced they were launching Astronauts for America, a nonpartisan organization to protect American democracy. In an open letter introducing their organization, they noted that as astronauts, they &#8220;have sworn to defend the Constitution of the United States&#8221; and continued: &#8220;We are committed to science, evidence-based decision-making, public service, and the rule of law.&#8221; They vowed to speak out for American values and to work with lawmakers to protect those values: &#8220;the rule of law, constructive checks and balances, equal opportunity, and the peaceful transfer of power.&#8221; They reminded people that &#8220;[a] strong democracy makes all else possible: economic growth, national security, and our rights and freedoms.&#8221;</p><p>&#8220;I think we&#8217;ve all been getting concerned for quite a number of years about not being comfortable with the way some things are going,&#8221; Astronauts for America co-founder and former astronaut Linda Godwin told Adam Kovac of <em>Scientific American</em>. &#8220;It was powerful to find out that a lot of us felt the same way, and there&#8217;s a stronger voice together.&#8221;</p><p>&#8212;</p><p>Notes:</p><p><a href="https://www.wsj.com/politics/national-security/us-navy-secretary-john-phelan-what-happened-83bbc61a?mod=hp_lead_pos1">https://www.wsj.com/politics/national-security/us-navy-secretary-john-phelan-what-happened-83bbc61a</a></p><p><a href="https://www.cnn.com/2026/04/22/politics/john-phelan-navy-secretary-leaving">https://www.cnn.com/2026/04/22/politics/john-phelan-navy-secretary-leaving</a></p><p><a href="https://www.wsj.com/politics/national-security/private-equity-billionaire-shakes-up-pentagon-7264fec0">https://www.wsj.com/politics/national-security/private-equity-billionaire-shakes-up-pentagon-7264fec0</a></p><p><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2026/04/22/john-phelan-navy-hegseth/">https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2026/04/22/john-phelan-navy-hegseth/</a></p><p><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2026/04/23/stars-stripes-ombudsman-fired-pentagon/">https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2026/04/23/stars-stripes-ombudsman-fired-pentagon/</a></p><p><a href="https://www.stripes.com/opinion/2026-04-23/stripes-former-ombudsman-pentagon-trying-to-silence-21465037.html">https://www.stripes.com/opinion/2026-04-23/stripes-former-ombudsman-pentagon-trying-to-silence-21465037.html</a></p><p><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2026/04/23/us/politics/trump-navy-secretary.html">https://www.nytimes.com/2026/04/23/us/politics/trump-navy-secretary.html</a></p><p><a href="https://talkingpointsmemo.com/cafe/senate-republicans-have-a-plan-to-suspend-congressional-oversight-of-ice-for-trumps-whole-term">https://talkingpointsmemo.com/cafe/senate-republicans-have-a-plan-to-suspend-congressional-oversight-of-ice-for-trumps-whole-term</a></p><p><a href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/4344">https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/4344</a></p><p><a href="https://www.politico.com/live-updates/2026/04/23/congress/mike-johnson-702-surveillance-00889135">https://www.politico.com/live-updates/2026/04/23/congress/mike-johnson-702-surveillance-00889135</a></p><p>https://www.astronautsforamerica.org/</p><p><a href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/ex-nasa-astronauts-form-new-group-to-promote-u-s-constitutional-values/">https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/ex-nasa-astronauts-form-new-group-to-promote-u-s-constitutional-values/</a></p><p>X:</p><p><a href="https://x.com/SeanParnellASW/status/2047064432564482188">SeanParnellASW/status/2047064432564482188</a></p><p><a href="https://x.com/SenatePress/status/2047220640336187420">SenatePress/status/2047220640336187420</a></p><p>Bluesky:</p><p><a href="https://bsky.app/profile/jakelahut.bsky.social/post/3mk3thh6ems2z">jakelahut.bsky.social/post/3mk3thh6ems2z</a></p><p><a href="https://bsky.app/profile/paleofuture.bsky.social/post/3mk6jvgnufc2w">paleofuture.bsky.social/post/3mk6jvgnufc2w</a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/april-23-2026?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/april-23-2026?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Politics Chat, April 23, 2026]]></title><link>https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/politics-chat-april-23-2026-3d0</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/politics-chat-april-23-2026-3d0</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Heather Cox Richardson]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 24 Apr 2026 02:57:12 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/195309204/72cd6cfb6e494b01e373f21db16704e5.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Politics Chat, April 23, 2026]]></title><link>https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/politics-chat-april-23-2026</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/politics-chat-april-23-2026</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Heather Cox Richardson]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 24 Apr 2026 00:12:17 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/youtube/w_728,c_limit/EvVPhRv8qU0" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="youtube2-EvVPhRv8qU0" class="youtube-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;videoId&quot;:&quot;EvVPhRv8qU0&quot;,&quot;startTime&quot;:null,&quot;endTime&quot;:null}" data-component-name="Youtube2ToDOM"><div class="youtube-inner"><iframe src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/EvVPhRv8qU0?rel=0&amp;autoplay=0&amp;showinfo=0&amp;enablejsapi=0" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" gesture="media" allow="autoplay; fullscreen" allowautoplay="true" allowfullscreen="true" width="728" height="409"></iframe></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[ The Fight Over Gerrymandering]]></title><link>https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/the-fight-over-gerrymandering</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/the-fight-over-gerrymandering</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Heather Cox Richardson]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 18:07:05 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/195266443/5531b983481daecb5a52f864b24a79f3.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[April 22, 2026]]></title><description><![CDATA[Virginia voters yesterday agreed to a constitutional amendment that would temporarily redistrict the state if any other state redistricted for partisan reasons: that is, in retaliation for the partisan redistricting President Donald J.]]></description><link>https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/april-22-2026</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/april-22-2026</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Heather Cox Richardson]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 05:51:20 GMT</pubDate><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Virginia voters yesterday agreed to a constitutional amendment that would temporarily redistrict the state if any other state redistricted for partisan reasons: that is, in retaliation for the partisan redistricting President Donald J. Trump launched in Texas in 2025 in an effort to retain control of the House of Representatives.</p><p>As Matt Cohen of <em>Democracy Docket</em> noted, Trump supporters immediately insisted the voting was rigged, probably through mail-in ballots. Trump himself took to social media to attack the election, repeating charges of rigging and then adding: &#8220;In addition to everything else, the language on the Referendum was purposefully unintelligible and deceptive. As everyone knows, I am an extraordinarily brilliant person, and even I had no idea what the hell they were talking about in the Referendum, and neither do they! Let&#8217;s see if the Courts will fix this travesty of &#8216;Justice.&#8217;&#8221;</p><p>In fact, Trump himself began this mid-decade partisan gerrymander race with his pressure on Texas to rejigger its maps to give Republicans more House seats. That prompted California to retaliate with its own temporary redistricting to offset the new Texas Republican-leaning seats. Other states followed suit. Republicans redistricted Missouri, North Carolina, and Ohio, in addition to Texas, and expect those mid-decade redistricts will net them nine more seats. Democrats think their redistricting of California, along with a court-ordered redistricting of Utah, will get them an additional six seats. They are hoping that the temporary redistricting of Virginia will give them four more seats.</p><p>State lawmakers in Florida will convene a special session next week to consider redistricting that state, as well, to benefit the Republicans.</p><p>Journalist Brian Tyler Cohen noted that the Republicans have full control of the federal government and could pass a law to ban partisan gerrymandering any time they want to, as Democrats have called for, but they refuse. &#8220;Republicans aren&#8217;t mad gerrymandering exists,&#8221; Cohen notes; &#8220;they&#8217;re mad that they&#8217;re not the only ones using it.&#8221;</p><p>The Republican National Committee, now controlled by Trump, immediately sued over the Virginia election, and a Virginia judge ruled that both the constitutional amendment and the referendum voters approved were invalid. He said that &#8220;any and all votes for or against the proposed constitutional amendment in the April 21, 2026 special election are ineffective,&#8221; and prevented officials from certifying the results.</p><p>But, as Yunior Rivas of <em>Democracy Docket</em> wrote, Virginia attorney general Jay Jones is challenging the decision, saying: &#8220;Virginia voters have spoken, and an activist judge should not have the power over the People&#8217;s vote. We look forward to defending the outcome of last night&#8217;s election in court.&#8221;</p><p>Complaints about the Democratic push for a partisan gerrymander in Virginia have exposed a tendency to excuse Republican machinations to control politics while jumping on Democrats for similar behavior.</p><p>In August 2025, when Texas Republicans began this fight by redistricting their state after a brutal contest that drove Democratic legislators to leave the state and take refuge in Illinois and Massachusetts to deny Republicans enough legislators to pass a redistricting law, the <em>Washington Post</em> Editorial Board wrote: &#8220;What&#8217;s happening in the Lone Star State is not a threat to democracy.&#8221; &#8220;Even if Texas&#8217;s move triggers an arms race, the trend will not put American democracy on life support,&#8221; it said, dismissing the concerns of those fighting the Republicans&#8217; attempt to game the 2026 elections.</p><p>But with last night&#8217;s Democratic partisan gerrymander&#8212;one that, unlike the Texas gerrymander, went before the people for a vote&#8212;the Editorial Board changed its tune. It called this redistricting plan &#8220;a power grab by Democrats.&#8221; &#8220;They&#8217;re right that the [Republicans] started this fight by trying to pick up five House seats in Texas through gerrymandering, but they can spare us the false sanctimony about democratic norms going forward,&#8221; board members wrote.</p><p>Their argument appears to be that the Democrats stand a good chance of winning the midterms even if the Republicans have gamed the system, so the Democrats should not push back. &#8220;The news will embolden Republicans in Florida to forge ahead with their own gerrymandering&#8230;, continuing the race to the bottom,&#8221; they write, seeming to excuse the behavior of Republicans by blaming Democrats for it.</p><p>This pattern&#8212;expecting Republicans to behave wildly and cheat to grab power while expecting Democrats to behave according to the rules of normal times&#8212;has been going on now for years, and it is a dynamic that reflects the political patterns of the years before the Civil War. Then, Americans expected southern Democrats to bully and bluster and rig the system while northerners tried to jolly them into honoring the laws.</p><p>In the 1850s, southerners championed their region as the one that had correctly developed the society envisioned by the Founders. In the South a few very wealthy men controlled government and society, enslaving their neighbors. This system, its apologists asserted, was the highest form of human civilization. They opposed any attempt to restrict its spread. The South was superior to the North, enslavers insisted; it alone was patriotic, honored the Constitution, and understood economic growth. In the interests of union, northerners repeatedly ceded ground to enslavers and left their claim to superiority unchallenged.</p><p>Then, on May 22, 1856, Representative Preston Brooks of South Carolina beat Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts nearly to death on the Senate floor shortly after a speech in which Sumner had called out those who were forcing enslavement on Kansas and insulted a relative of Brooks. Southern lawmakers and newspapermen alike cheered the violence against an elected representative in the Capitol. Lawmakers refused to expel Brooks, and one newspaper editor wrote: &#8220;We trust other gentlemen will follow the example of Mr. Brooks&#8230;. If need be, let us have a caning or cowhiding every day.&#8221; </p><p>But the attack on Sumner was a bridge too far for his colleague, Massachusetts representative Anson Burlingame. On June 21, he stood up in Congress to call out as inferior Brooks and the system of enslavement he defended. Burlingame was sick and tired of buying peace by letting southerners abuse the North. Enough, he said, was enough.</p><p>Enslavement was not a superior system, he said; it had dragged the nation backward. Slavery kept workers ignorant and godless while the northern system of freedom lifted workers up with schools and churches. Slavery feared innovation; freedom encouraged workers to try new ideas. Slavery kept the South mired in the past; freedom welcomed the modern world and pushed Americans into a new, thriving economy. And finally, when Sumner had spoken up against the tyranny of slavery, a southerner had clubbed him almost to death on the floor of the Senate.</p><p>Was ignorance, economic stagnation, and violence the true American system? For his part, Burlingame preferred to throw his lot with the North, which he said was superior to the South in its morality, education, economy, loyalty to the government, and fidelity to the Constitution. Northerners were willing to defend their system, he said, with guns if necessary.</p><p>Burlingame&#8217;s &#8220;Defense of Massachusetts&#8221; speech marked the first time a prominent northerner had offered to fight to defend the northern way of life. Previously, southerners had been the ones threatening war and demanding concessions from the North to preserve the peace. Burlingame explained that he was willing to accept a battle because what was at stake was the future of the nation.</p><p>Forgotten now, Burlingame&#8217;s speech was once widely considered one of the most important speeches in American history. It marked the moment when northerners shocked southern leaders by calling them out for trying to destroy democracy. Northerners rallied to Burlingame&#8217;s call, and to the new Republican Party he was helping to build, because he had shown it would stand up for their rights.</p><p>Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D-NY) echoed Burlingame today when a reporter asked what she thought of complaints about the Virginia vote. &#8220;Oh, wah, wah, wah,&#8221; she laughed. &#8220;Listen. Democrats have attempted and asked Republicans for 10 years to ban partisan gerrymandering. And for 10 years, Republicans have said no. Republicans have fought for partisan gerrymanders across the United States of America, and these are the rules that they have set&#8230;.</p><p>&#8220;What they&#8217;re just mad at is that they have been accustomed to a Democratic Party that rolls over, doesn&#8217;t fight, and takes everything sitting down. And what they&#8217;re mad at right now is that we are here in a new day. And we have been asking the Democratic Party to stand up and fight, and now they did, and now the Republican Party doesn&#8217;t like the fact that they are fighting against someone who actually will stand up for the American people.</p><p>&#8220;So if Republicans decide that they would like to revisit a ban on&#8230;partisan gerrymandering, I welcome them. We have the bill right here to end this all today. But they don&#8217;t want to because they like pursuing and continuing to enact an unfair electoral landscape. And so we have an obligation to defend ourselves.&#8221;</p><p>&#8212;</p><p>Notes:</p><p><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Virginia_Use_of_Legislative_Congressional_Redistricting_Map_Amendment_(April_2026)">https://ballotpedia.org/Virginia_Use_of_Legislative_Congressional_Redistricting_Map_Amendment_(April_2026)</a></p><p><a href="https://www.democracydocket.com/news-alerts/election-deniers-are-already-claiming-virginias-redistricting-vote-was-rigged/">https://www.democracydocket.com/news-alerts/election-deniers-are-already-claiming-virginias-redistricting-vote-was-rigged/</a></p><p><a href="https://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/5834173-florida-redistricting-session-delay/">https://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/5834173-florida-redistricting-session-delay/</a></p><p><a href="https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/5842969-desantis-florida-republican-redistricting-risk/">https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/5842969-desantis-florida-republican-redistricting-risk/</a></p><p><a href="https://www.democracydocket.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/2026-04-22-Final-judgment.pdf">https://www.democracydocket.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/2026-04-22-Final-judgment.pdf</a></p><p><a href="https://www.democracydocket.com/news-alerts/voters-approve-virginia-redistricting-referendum-moving-battle-to-court/">https://www.democracydocket.com/news-alerts/voters-approve-virginia-redistricting-referendum-moving-battle-to-court/</a></p><p><a href="https://apnews.com/article/virginia-redistricting-election-congress-trump-78e0e68100119011b1b439634f6b6fa1">https://apnews.com/article/virginia-redistricting-election-congress-trump-78e0e68100119011b1b439634f6b6fa1</a></p><p><a href="https://www.democracydocket.com/news-alerts/virginia-court-blocks-voter-approved-redistricting-appeal-coming/?utm_campaign=13200977-Free%20Newsletter%20Emails&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;_hsenc=p2ANqtz-_NWYUBG0EO3X73f4w5Nn3QxMmu2j_lv5L7jWL8o-0Z4yO5w08Br3ZX6zVqPVQNwwys_Bd6JAooJLJnQycrV6yyw18aUXMxpIITtNvxski7QfrcbFs&amp;_hsmi=415248858&amp;utm_content=415248856&amp;utm_source=hs_email">https://www.democracydocket.com/news-alerts/virginia-court-blocks-voter-approved-redistricting-appeal-coming/</a></p><p><a href="https://www.cnn.com/2025/08/03/politics/texas-democrats-redistricting">https://www.cnn.com/2025/08/03/politics/texas-democrats-redistricting</a></p><p><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2025/08/20/texas-gerrymander-redistricting-midterms-backfire/">https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2025/08/20/texas-gerrymander-redistricting-midterms-backfire/</a></p><p><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2026/04/22/virginia-gerrymandering-referendum-passes-it-will-take-toll/">https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2026/04/22/virginia-gerrymandering-referendum-passes-it-will-take-toll/</a></p><p><a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/a-state-by-state-look-at-the-narrowing-redistricting-battle-for-the-u-s-house">https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/a-state-by-state-look-at-the-narrowing-redistricting-battle-for-the-u-s-house</a></p><p><a href="https://www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/caning-charles-sumner#:~:text=Brooks%20walked%20with%20a%20limp,the%20battered%20Sumner%20to%20safety">https://www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/caning-charles-sumner</a></p><p><a href="https://archive.org/details/defenceofmassach00burl/page/n7/mode/2up">https://archive.org/details/defenceofmassach00burl/page/n7/mode/2up</a></p><p>Bluesky:</p><p><a href="https://bsky.app/profile/briantylercohen.bsky.social/post/3mk2hwddyfc22">briantylercohen.bsky.social/post/3mk2hwddyfc22</a></p><p><a href="https://bsky.app/profile/ronfilipkowski.bsky.social/post/3mk423wdgjc2e">ronfilipkowski.bsky.social/post/3mk423wdgjc2e</a></p><p><a href="https://bsky.app/profile/acyn.bsky.social/post/3mk4ezxmhsc2t">acyn.bsky.social/post/3mk4ezxmhsc2t</a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/april-22-2026?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/april-22-2026?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[A New Low]]></title><link>https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/a-new-low</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/a-new-low</guid><pubDate>Wed, 22 Apr 2026 18:50:51 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/195066474/ee2108b89669217dda80a3f958af2c00.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[April 21, 2026]]></title><description><![CDATA[There is the unmistakable feeling that the wheels are coming off the MAGA bus.]]></description><link>https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/april-21-2026</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/april-21-2026</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Heather Cox Richardson]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 22 Apr 2026 04:23:22 GMT</pubDate><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>There is the unmistakable feeling that the wheels are coming off the MAGA bus.</p><p>Alayna Treene and Kevin Liptak of CNN reported last night that by the end of last week, negotiators for the U.S. and Iran appeared to be on the verge of hammering out an end to hostilities before the two-week ceasefire ends on Wednesday. Then Trump took to the media to crow that Iranian leaders had &#8220;agreed to everything,&#8221; including the removal of its enriched uranium, and that &#8220;Iran has agreed never to close the Strait of Hormuz again.&#8221; He promised that Iran had agreed to end its nuclear program forever and that talks &#8220;should go very quickly.&#8221; Trump declared the breakthrough was &#8220;A GREAT AND BRILLIANT DAY FOR THE WORLD!&#8221; and asked why media outlets questioning the alleged deal didn&#8217;t &#8220;just say, at the right time, JOB WELL DONE, MR. PRESIDENT?&#8221;</p><p>Iranian negotiators said Trump&#8217;s claims were false and that if he didn&#8217;t remove the U.S. blockade of Iranian ports, they would reclose the Strait of Hormuz they had just opened. &#8220;The Iranians didn&#8217;t appreciate [Trump] negotiating through social media and making it appear as if they had signed off on issues they hadn&#8217;t yet agreed to, and ones that aren&#8217;t popular with their people back home,&#8221; a source told Treene and Liptak.</p><p>Over the weekend, Iranians closed the strait and the U.S. fired on an Iranian vessel. On Sunday, even as two senior U.S. government officials were on television saying Vice President J.D. Vance would lead a new round of talks in Pakistan, Trump was on the phone telling reporters that he wouldn&#8217;t. On Monday, Trump told a reporter that Vance was in the air about to touch down in Pakistan just minutes before Vance&#8217;s motorcade arrived at the White House.</p><p>After Iranian officials said today they were not sure they would respond to U.S. positions or go to Pakistan for talks, Vance&#8217;s trip has been put on hold. Iran&#8217;s Foreign Ministry spokesperson, Esmail Baghaei, complained of &#8220;contradictory messages, inconsistent behavior and unacceptable actions by the American side,&#8221; on Iran&#8217;s state media.</p><p>For his part, Trump blamed the Democrats for the chaos in U.S. diplomacy. &#8220;The Democrats are doing everything possible to hurt the very strong position we are in with respect to Iran,&#8221; his social media account posted yesterday. The post insisted &#8220;it will be done RIGHT, and we won&#8217;t let the Weak and Pathetic Democrats, TRAITORS ALL, who for years have been talking about the Dangers of Iran, and that something has to be done, but now, since I&#8217;m the one doing it, belittle the accomplishments of our Military and the Trump Administration. This is being perfectly executed, on the scale of Venezuela, just a bigger, more complex operation.&#8221;</p><p>As David S. Bernstein of <em>Good Politics/Bad Politics</em> noted, Trump&#8217;s account this morning reposted another account claiming that Iran was preparing to execute eight women, showing AI-generated images of them. Trump posted: &#8220;To the Iranian leaders who will soon be in negotiations with my representatives: I would greatly appreciate the release of these women. I am sure that they will respect the fact that you did so. Please do them no harm! Would be a great start to our negotiations!!!&#8221; As Bernstein put it: Trump urged Iran &#8220;to start peace negotiations by releasing non-existent, AI-generated women some rando posted about on X.&#8221;</p><p>Alan Rappeport of the <em>New York Times</em> reported today that Trump is considering using money from the U.S. Treasury to shore up the finances of the oil-rich United Arab Emirates, which have been hurt by the Iran war. After the story appeared, Zach Everson of Public Citizen pointed out that Sheikh Tahnoon bin Zayed Al Nahyan, who controls the sovereign wealth of the United Arab Emirates, has directed hundreds of millions to Trump personally, buying 49% of the Trump family&#8217;s World Liberty Financial and investing $2 billion of WLF&#8217;s USD1 stablecoin.</p><p>Tonight, Trump announced he is extending the ceasefire with Iran until Iran comes up with a proposal to end the fighting permanently. Iran has responded by saying Trump&#8217;s extension &#8220;means nothing&#8221; and suggested it was a &#8220;ploy to buy time for a surprise strike.&#8221;</p><p>According to a new poll out today from <em>Strength in Numbers</em>/ Verasight, conducted between April 10 and April 14, just 35% of U.S. adults approve of Trump&#8217;s job performance. Sixty-one percent disapprove, a new low. Seventy-two percent of Americans disapprove of the way Trump is handling rising prices. In a generic ballot for Congress, voters prefer Democrats over Republicans by 50% to 43%, a margin of seven points.</p><p>Administration officials&#8217; approach to the midterm elections seems to be to continue to sow distrust of elections. Following Patel&#8217;s claim, on Sunday, that there would soon be arrests stemming from the 2020 presidential election, Harmeet Dhillon, assistant attorney general of the Civil Rights Division of the Department of Justice (DOJ) released a letter from April 14 demanding that a Wayne County, Michigan, elections official give it records from Wayne County and Detroit from 2024 and alleging that there was fraud in 2020. Although Trump won Michigan, he lost Wayne County by almost 250,000 votes.</p><p>Michigan attorney general Dana Nessel and secretary of state Jocelyn Benson wrote in the <em>Detroit Free Press</em> that &#8220;this demand isn&#8217;t about election integrity&#8212;it&#8217;s about a weaponized DOJ trying to please a president who doesn&#8217;t want to be held accountable at the ballot box by voters tired of the chaos of his administration. It&#8217;s also about the upcoming elections in November and in 2028, which he is working to discredit by sowing doubt as to the security and fairness of the process. It&#8217;s not going to work with us, and it&#8217;s not going to hold up in court,&#8221; they wrote. &#8220;Michigan&#8217;s elections are safe and secure.&#8221;</p><p>Trump seems, though, to be courting the base that in 2021 attacked the U.S. Capitol to try to keep him in power. After offending his base first by posting an image of himself as Jesus Christ and then by insulting Pope Leo XIV, Trump is participating this week in an event called &#8220;America Reads the Bible.&#8221; Kaanita Iyer and Aleena Fayaz of CNN report that Trump is expected to read 2 Chronicles 7:11&#8211;22 from the Oval Office. The same verse was read by Cowboys for Trump founder Couy Griffin at the January 6, 2021, insurrection, and is associated with white evangelicals&#8217; belief God sent Trump to heal America.</p><p>Trump&#8217;s vulnerability is showing on Capitol Hill. In <em>Public Notice</em> today, Noah Berlatsky examined House speaker Mike Johnson&#8217;s no good, very bad day last Thursday. With a Republican majority in the House of only three seats and a dramatically weakened president, Republican House members handed Johnson two embarrassing losses on Thursday.</p><p>First, Republicans joined with Democrats first to pass a discharge petition to force a vote on a measure to protect the Temporary Protected Status (TPS) for 350,000 Haitian immigrants, and then they passed the measure itself.</p><p>Trump&#8217;s administration has left his claims to want to deport undocumented criminals far in the dust, working hard to get rid of legal immigrants as well. When she was homeland security secretary, Kristi Noem ignored the requirements for evaluating TPS and simply refused to agree to routine extensions of TPS for people from Venezuela, Haiti, Honduras, Nicaragua, Nepal, Ukraine, Afghanistan, and Cameroon.</p><p>Haitian TPS holders sued, noting Noem&#8217;s apparent racial animus as a driving factor in her decision and that Haiti remains dangerous in the wake of the 2010 earthquake that destabilized the country. In February, U.S. District Judge Ana Reyes paused the loss of Haitian immigrants&#8217; TPS until the lawsuit works its way through the courts. Last month, Representative Ayanna Pressley (D-MA) brought a discharge petition to force a vote on a measure to restore TPS to Haitian immigrants.</p><p>Johnson has tried to do Trump&#8217;s bidding even though it means ignoring what members of Congress actually want. It is possible for members to force a measure to the floor even after the speaker bottles it up through something called a &#8220;discharge petition,&#8221; by getting a majority of members of Congress to agree to override the speaker, but such an action is exceedingly rare because it requires members of the majority to side with the minority against their own speaker. Or it was exceedingly rare before this Congress. Herb Scribner of <em>Axios</em> noted last year that there were seven successful discharge petitions in the 30 years between 1985 and 2015; there were the same number from 2023 to 2025.</p><p>Four Republicans, all of them from purple districts, joined all the Democrats to sign Pressley&#8217;s discharge petition. Then when the measure came up for a vote, six more Republicans voted in favor of it. As Berlatsky notes, the bill probably won&#8217;t pass the Senate, but not only did it demonstrate Johnson&#8217;s weakness, it also, as Jamie Dupree of <em>Regular Order</em> noted, was a real rebuke to Trump on immigration. And it was bipartisan.</p><p>That was not the end of Johnson&#8217;s bad day. The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) of 1978 was scheduled to expire on April 20, and Trump and Republican loyalists wanted simply to renew it. But members of both parties have issues with Section 702 of that act, which allows the government to collect information about the communications of foreigners without getting a warrant from a judge. But there are increasing signs the government is also collecting data from Americans without a warrant, and members of both parties concerned about government overreach have refused to extend the law without reforms to 702.</p><p>Republican leaders tried to force through a five-year extension just after midnight on Friday, but while four Democrats voted in favor of the measure, twelve Republicans voted against it, sending the measure down to a loss by 20 votes. Then Johnson tried to push through an 18-month extension. Twenty Republicans voted against even considering it. Finally, the House agreed to extend the law for just ten days.</p><p>Today, Virginians passed a redistricting referendum that will boost the Democrats&#8217; chances of winning four more seats in the U.S. House. Redistricting in the middle of a decade is rare, but after Trump pressed Texas to rejigger its maps to give Republicans more House seats, California retaliated with its own temporary redistricting to offset the new Texas seats. Other states followed suit. As David A. Lieb of the Associated Press explained today, Republicans currently believe that their redistricting of Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio, and Texas will net them nine more seats. Democrats think their redistricting of California, along with a court-ordered redistricting of Utah, will get them an additional six seats. They are hoping that redistricting Virginia temporarily will make up the difference.</p><p>Zachary Roth of <em>Democracy Docket</em> noted that Trump ally Steve Bannon warned on his podcast Monday that &#8220;Democrats are demonic&#8221; and said that if allowed to have power, they will impeach Trump. &#8220;Not just, are they going to take power and use these four seats to impeach Trump?&#8221; he said, &#8220;But they&#8217;re going to use this as a template for the rest of the country. It&#8217;s coming.&#8221;</p><p>&#8212;</p><p>Notes:</p><p><a href="https://www.npr.org/2026/02/03/g-s1-108463/judge-blocks-ending-protections-haitians">https://www.npr.org/2026/02/03/g-s1-108463/judge-blocks-ending-protections-haitians</a></p><p><a href="https://apnews.com/article/virginia-redistricting-election-congress-trump-78e0e68100119011b1b439634f6b6fa1">https://apnews.com/article/virginia-redistricting-election-congress-trump-78e0e68100119011b1b439634f6b6fa1</a></p><p><a href="https://www.democracydocket.com/news-alerts/bannon-warns-demonic-dems-will-impeach-trump-if-they-win-virginia-redistricting-vote/">https://www.democracydocket.com/news-alerts/bannon-warns-demonic-dems-will-impeach-trump-if-they-win-virginia-redistricting-vote/</a></p><p><a href="https://www.cnn.com/2026/04/20/politics/social-media-posts-trump-iran-deal">https://www.cnn.com/2026/04/20/politics/social-media-posts-trump-iran-deal</a></p><p><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/live/2026/04/21/world/iran-us-war-trump-news/heres-the-latest?smid=url-share">https://www.nytimes.com/live/2026/04/21/world/iran-us-war-trump-news/heres-the-latest?smid=url-share</a></p><div class="embedded-post-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;id&quot;:194799547,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.gelliottmorris.com/p/2026-04-21-april-strength-in-numbers-verasight-poll&quot;,&quot;publication_id&quot;:6273,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;Strength In Numbers&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JQvb!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe752f21d-596f-41f4-b182-9436fc77af2d_600x600.png&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Trump approval falls to 35% as rating on handling prices hits a record -46&quot;,&quot;truncated_body_text&quot;:&quot;This article reports results from the April 2026 Strength In Numbers/Verasight poll. You can read our previous poll releases here. Subscribers to Strength In Numbers have access to additional visuals and a full archive of crosstabs here, and can suggest questions for future polls via the comments section below!&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-04-21T11:02:22.462Z&quot;,&quot;like_count&quot;:196,&quot;comment_count&quot;:14,&quot;bylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:479143,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;G. Elliott Morris&quot;,&quot;handle&quot;:&quot;gelliottmorris&quot;,&quot;previous_name&quot;:null,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-HE6!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F88769118-f6f0-4ada-9b72-29e3e7d97285_1512x2016.jpeg&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;data-driven journalist and author of STRENGTH IN NUMBERS. i write about politics, public opinion, and elections using facts and math&quot;,&quot;profile_set_up_at&quot;:&quot;2021-04-18T17:05:06.085Z&quot;,&quot;reader_installed_at&quot;:&quot;2022-11-03T18:00:11.677Z&quot;,&quot;publicationUsers&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:312,&quot;user_id&quot;:479143,&quot;publication_id&quot;:6273,&quot;role&quot;:&quot;admin&quot;,&quot;public&quot;:true,&quot;is_primary&quot;:true,&quot;publication&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:6273,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Strength In Numbers&quot;,&quot;subdomain&quot;:&quot;gelliottmorris&quot;,&quot;custom_domain&quot;:&quot;www.gelliottmorris.com&quot;,&quot;custom_domain_optional&quot;:false,&quot;hero_text&quot;:&quot;Independent, data-driven analysis of politics, public opinion polls, and elections. From author, journalist, and pollster G. Elliott Morris.&quot;,&quot;logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e752f21d-596f-41f4-b182-9436fc77af2d_600x600.png&quot;,&quot;author_id&quot;:479143,&quot;primary_user_id&quot;:479143,&quot;theme_var_background_pop&quot;:&quot;#0068ef&quot;,&quot;created_at&quot;:&quot;2019-02-22T19:56:37.293Z&quot;,&quot;email_from_name&quot;:&quot;G. Elliott Morris&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;G. Elliott Morris&quot;,&quot;founding_plan_name&quot;:&quot;Founding/Big Data Nerds &quot;,&quot;community_enabled&quot;:true,&quot;invite_only&quot;:false,&quot;payments_state&quot;:&quot;enabled&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:null,&quot;explicit&quot;:false,&quot;homepage_type&quot;:&quot;magaziney&quot;,&quot;is_personal_mode&quot;:false,&quot;logo_url_wide&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5100fa24-02a8-4b64-a033-981711aeb54c_1344x256.png&quot;}}],&quot;twitter_screen_name&quot;:&quot;gelliottmorris&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:1000,&quot;status&quot;:{&quot;bestsellerTier&quot;:1000,&quot;subscriberTier&quot;:1,&quot;leaderboard&quot;:null,&quot;vip&quot;:false,&quot;badge&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;bestseller&quot;,&quot;tier&quot;:1000},&quot;paidPublicationIds&quot;:[4830598,159185,9757,277517],&quot;subscriber&quot;:null}}],&quot;utm_campaign&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="EmbeddedPostToDOM"><a class="embedded-post" native="true" href="https://www.gelliottmorris.com/p/2026-04-21-april-strength-in-numbers-verasight-poll?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_campaign=post_embed&amp;utm_medium=web"><div class="embedded-post-header"><img class="embedded-post-publication-logo" src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JQvb!,w_56,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe752f21d-596f-41f4-b182-9436fc77af2d_600x600.png" loading="lazy"><span class="embedded-post-publication-name">Strength In Numbers</span></div><div class="embedded-post-title-wrapper"><div class="embedded-post-title">Trump approval falls to 35% as rating on handling prices hits a record -46</div></div><div class="embedded-post-body">This article reports results from the April 2026 Strength In Numbers/Verasight poll. You can read our previous poll releases here. Subscribers to Strength In Numbers have access to additional visuals and a full archive of crosstabs here, and can suggest questions for future polls via the comments section below&#8230;</div><div class="embedded-post-cta-wrapper"><span class="embedded-post-cta">Read more</span></div><div class="embedded-post-meta">6 days ago &#183; 196 likes &#183; 14 comments &#183; G. Elliott Morris</div></a></div><p><a href="https://www.freep.com/story/opinion/contributors/2026/04/19/trump-doj-nessel-benson-wayne-county-ballot-election-2024/89660271007/?taid=69e4ab264d228600010463d6&amp;utm_campaign=trueanthem&amp;utm_medium=social&amp;utm_source=twitter">https://www.freep.com/story/opinion/contributors/2026/04/19/trump-doj-nessel-benson-wayne-county-ballot-election-2024/89660271007/</a></p><p><a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/elections/justice-department-demands-michigan-county-turn-2024-ballots-rcna340891">https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/elections/justice-department-demands-michigan-county-turn-2024-ballots-rcna340891</a></p><p><a href="https://www.cnn.com/2026/04/19/politics/trump-bible-reading-oval-office">https://www.cnn.com/2026/04/19/politics/trump-bible-reading-oval-office</a></p><div class="embedded-post-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;id&quot;:194663147,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.publicnotice.co/p/mike-johnson-loses-republicans&quot;,&quot;publication_id&quot;:501423,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;Public Notice&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!d7xc!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27a23854-104e-4c0d-8b6e-68b082c65a5b_1280x1280.png&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Speaker Johnson's beginning of the end&quot;,&quot;truncated_body_text&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-04-21T10:17:43.233Z&quot;,&quot;like_count&quot;:1010,&quot;comment_count&quot;:24,&quot;bylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:2185926,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Noah Berlatsky&quot;,&quot;handle&quot;:&quot;noahberlatsky&quot;,&quot;previous_name&quot;:null,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba1193a2-2f09-481d-b96f-4cea6339e22e_72x72.gif&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;Noah Berlatsky is a freelance writer in Chicago. He writes for Public Notice, Prism Reports, Business Insider, the Chicago Reader, and various other places. Also he&#8217;s kind of a poet now.&quot;,&quot;profile_set_up_at&quot;:&quot;2022-05-06T15:40:23.593Z&quot;,&quot;reader_installed_at&quot;:&quot;2023-04-08T17:40:00.850Z&quot;,&quot;publicationUsers&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:815197,&quot;user_id&quot;:2185926,&quot;publication_id&quot;:874254,&quot;role&quot;:&quot;admin&quot;,&quot;public&quot;:true,&quot;is_primary&quot;:true,&quot;publication&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:874254,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Everything Is Horrible&quot;,&quot;subdomain&quot;:&quot;noahberlatsky&quot;,&quot;custom_domain&quot;:&quot;www.everythingishorrible.net&quot;,&quot;custom_domain_optional&quot;:false,&quot;hero_text&quot;:&quot;Culture, politics, and misery.&quot;,&quot;logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/7e6e8548-4248-4bfe-aa0d-df3deb51ad45_72x72.png&quot;,&quot;author_id&quot;:2185926,&quot;primary_user_id&quot;:2185926,&quot;theme_var_background_pop&quot;:&quot;#D10000&quot;,&quot;created_at&quot;:&quot;2022-05-03T19:18:21.047Z&quot;,&quot;email_from_name&quot;:null,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;Noah Berlatsky&quot;,&quot;founding_plan_name&quot;:&quot;Founding Member&quot;,&quot;community_enabled&quot;:true,&quot;invite_only&quot;:false,&quot;payments_state&quot;:&quot;enabled&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:null,&quot;explicit&quot;:false,&quot;homepage_type&quot;:null,&quot;is_personal_mode&quot;:false,&quot;logo_url_wide&quot;:null}},{&quot;id&quot;:815198,&quot;user_id&quot;:2185926,&quot;publication_id&quot;:501423,&quot;role&quot;:&quot;contributor&quot;,&quot;public&quot;:true,&quot;is_primary&quot;:false,&quot;publication&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:501423,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Public Notice&quot;,&quot;subdomain&quot;:&quot;aaronrupar&quot;,&quot;custom_domain&quot;:&quot;www.publicnotice.co&quot;,&quot;custom_domain_optional&quot;:false,&quot;hero_text&quot;:&quot;Sign up for independent, incisive coverage of US politics and media, right in your inbox five times a week.&quot;,&quot;logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/27a23854-104e-4c0d-8b6e-68b082c65a5b_1280x1280.png&quot;,&quot;author_id&quot;:696120,&quot;primary_user_id&quot;:696120,&quot;theme_var_background_pop&quot;:&quot;#6B26FF&quot;,&quot;created_at&quot;:&quot;2021-09-24T14:32:51.937Z&quot;,&quot;email_from_name&quot;:null,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;Aaron Rupar&quot;,&quot;founding_plan_name&quot;:&quot;Founding Member&quot;,&quot;community_enabled&quot;:true,&quot;invite_only&quot;:false,&quot;payments_state&quot;:&quot;enabled&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:null,&quot;explicit&quot;:false,&quot;homepage_type&quot;:&quot;magaziney&quot;,&quot;is_personal_mode&quot;:false,&quot;logo_url_wide&quot;:null}}],&quot;twitter_screen_name&quot;:&quot;nberlat&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:1000,&quot;status&quot;:{&quot;bestsellerTier&quot;:1000,&quot;subscriberTier&quot;:null,&quot;leaderboard&quot;:null,&quot;vip&quot;:false,&quot;badge&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;bestseller&quot;,&quot;tier&quot;:1000},&quot;paidPublicationIds&quot;:[],&quot;subscriber&quot;:null}}],&quot;utm_campaign&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="EmbeddedPostToDOM"><a class="embedded-post" native="true" href="https://www.publicnotice.co/p/mike-johnson-loses-republicans?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_campaign=post_embed&amp;utm_medium=web"><div class="embedded-post-header"><img class="embedded-post-publication-logo" src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!d7xc!,w_56,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27a23854-104e-4c0d-8b6e-68b082c65a5b_1280x1280.png" loading="lazy"><span class="embedded-post-publication-name">Public Notice</span></div><div class="embedded-post-title-wrapper"><div class="embedded-post-title">Speaker Johnson's beginning of the end</div></div><div class="embedded-post-cta-wrapper"><span class="embedded-post-cta">Read more</span></div><div class="embedded-post-meta">6 days ago &#183; 1010 likes &#183; 24 comments &#183; Noah Berlatsky</div></a></div><blockquote><p><a href="https://www.npr.org/2026/02/03/g-s1-108463/judge-blocks-ending-protections-haitians">https://www.npr.org/2026/02/03/g-s1-108463/judge-blocks-ending-protections-haitians</a></p></blockquote><p> <a href="https://www.axios.com/2025/12/17/gop-mike-johnson-aca-vote-discharge-petitions-list">https://www.axios.com/2025/12/17/gop-mike-johnson-aca-vote-discharge-petitions-list</a></p><p><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2025/09/15/us/politics/trump-uae-chips-witkoff-world-liberty.html?unlocked_article_code=1.mU8.oTFg.vlYp6_F3XMcA&amp;smid=nytcore-ios-share&amp;referringSource=articleShare">https://www.nytimes.com/2025/09/15/us/politics/trump-uae-chips-witkoff-world-liberty.html</a></p><p><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2026/04/21/business/economy/us-uae-financial-support.html">https://www.nytimes.com/2026/04/21/business/economy/us-uae-financial-support.html</a></p><p><a href="https://www.cnn.com/2026/04/21/world/live-news/iran-war-us-trump-israel">https://www.cnn.com/2026/04/21/world/live-news/iran-war-us-trump-israel</a></p><p><a href="https://www.cnn.com/2026/04/21/world/live-news/iran-war-us-trump-israel?post-id=cmo95bdij0000356ts2h1jt8o">https://www.cnn.com/2026/04/21/world/live-news/iran-war-us-trump-israel?post-id=cmo95bdij0000356ts2h1jt8o</a></p><p><a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2026-special-elections/virginia-ballot-measures">https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2026-special-elections/virginia-ballot-measures</a></p><p>Bluesky:</p><p><a href="https://bsky.app/profile/artcandee.bsky.social/post/3mjwzsw3xxs2r">artcandee.bsky.social/post/3mjwzsw3xxs2r</a></p><p><a href="https://bsky.app/profile/dbernstein.bsky.social/post/3mjz7drz6a22x">dbernstein.bsky.social/post/3mjz7drz6a22x</a></p><p><a href="https://bsky.app/profile/jamiedupree.bsky.social/post/3mjn2sj4soc2c">jamiedupree.bsky.social/post/3mjn2sj4soc2c</a></p><p><a href="https://bsky.app/profile/zacheverson.com/post/3mjzokffwjs2w">zacheverson.com/post/3mjzokffwjs2w</a></p><p><a href="https://bsky.app/profile/davetait.bsky.social/post/3mjsfnh5vas2e">davetait.bsky.social/post/3mjsfnh5vas2e</a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/april-21-2026?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/april-21-2026?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Politics Chat, April 21, 2026]]></title><link>https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/politics-chat-april-21-2026-121</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/politics-chat-april-21-2026-121</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Heather Cox Richardson]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 22 Apr 2026 03:10:45 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/194991217/69a0178b4222ee4cd82bdde793008f40.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[ Politics Chat, April 21, 2026]]></title><link>https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/politics-chat-april-21-2026</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/politics-chat-april-21-2026</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Heather Cox Richardson]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 22 Apr 2026 01:21:56 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/youtube/w_728,c_limit/sSZHkUdsXQM" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="youtube2-sSZHkUdsXQM" class="youtube-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;videoId&quot;:&quot;sSZHkUdsXQM&quot;,&quot;startTime&quot;:null,&quot;endTime&quot;:null}" data-component-name="Youtube2ToDOM"><div class="youtube-inner"><iframe src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/sSZHkUdsXQM?rel=0&amp;autoplay=0&amp;showinfo=0&amp;enablejsapi=0" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" gesture="media" allow="autoplay; fullscreen" allowautoplay="true" allowfullscreen="true" width="728" height="409"></iframe></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Earth Day | Talk & Draw with Liza Donnelly & Heather Cox Richardson]]></title><description><![CDATA[Earth Day is tomorrow, and Liza Donnelly and I are celebrating with a drawing!]]></description><link>https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/earth-day-talk-and-draw-with-liza</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/earth-day-talk-and-draw-with-liza</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Heather Cox Richardson]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 22 Apr 2026 00:14:24 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/youtube/w_728,c_limit/GASzdVs7dQs" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Earth Day is tomorrow, and Liza Donnelly and I are celebrating with a drawing!</p><p>And about the film I mention in the introduction: &#8220;Women Laughing.&#8221; It&#8217;s a look at the women who have drawn cartoons for the <em>New Yorker</em> throughout its history, and their cartoons, shown in the film, will get you laughing. But I was fascinated by the examination of art in the (quite short) film. As the cartoonists explained, their art reflected their own internal vision, and yet it speaks to huge audiences. That universality, in turn, creates a community that both reflects and changes society. </p><p>When I teach writing, I talk a lot about the relationship between writer and material, and how, if you think your work through well and manage to execute it even 80% as you envision it, a piece speaks to an audience. But I have never thought about those relationships for cartoons, which are more immediately influential than words (think of Herblock&#8217;s extraordinary commentary on Watergate in the <em>Washington Post</em>, for example). I have continued to think about the film since seeing it, and will teach it in the future. Anyone interested in these issues might want to take a look. </p><p>If I manage this right, information about it should be here: <a href="https://www.womenlaughingfilm.com/about">Women Laughing</a>. </p><div id="youtube2-GASzdVs7dQs" class="youtube-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;videoId&quot;:&quot;GASzdVs7dQs&quot;,&quot;startTime&quot;:null,&quot;endTime&quot;:null}" data-component-name="Youtube2ToDOM"><div class="youtube-inner"><iframe src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/GASzdVs7dQs?rel=0&amp;autoplay=0&amp;showinfo=0&amp;enablejsapi=0" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" gesture="media" allow="autoplay; fullscreen" allowautoplay="true" allowfullscreen="true" width="728" height="409"></iframe></div></div><p>Happy Earth Day!</p><p>Oh, and Liza can be found here, at <a href="https://lizadonnelly.substack.com/">Seeing Things</a>. </p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/earth-day-talk-and-draw-with-liza?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/earth-day-talk-and-draw-with-liza?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Fecklessly Failing]]></title><link>https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/fecklessly-failing</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/fecklessly-failing</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Heather Cox Richardson]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 21 Apr 2026 18:50:14 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/194949799/1c877802cd593ca0639ecd843680f907.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[April 20, 2026 ]]></title><description><![CDATA[Late Saturday evening, Josh Dawsey and Annie Linskey of the Wall Street Journal reported that Trump was so unstable and angry after learning on April 3 that Iranians had shot down an American jet that his aides kept him out of the room as they received updates, simply telling him what was going on at important moments.]]></description><link>https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/april-20-2026</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/april-20-2026</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Heather Cox Richardson]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 21 Apr 2026 04:44:37 GMT</pubDate><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Late Saturday evening, Josh Dawsey and Annie Linskey of the <em>Wall Street Journal</em> reported that Trump was so unstable and angry after learning on April 3 that Iranians had shot down an American jet that his aides kept him out of the room as they received updates, simply telling him what was going on at important moments.</p><p>The journalists describe an erratic president who entered the war after Israel&#8217;s prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu convinced him the Iranian people would support such strikes and after his successful extraction of Venezuela&#8217;s president Nicol&#225;s Maduro and his wife Celia Flores convinced him the military could pull off another quick victory. He seemed to believe that if his gamble worked, he would be saving the world.</p><p>But while the strikes did indeed kill Iran&#8217;s top leaders and badly damage its military, the Iranians closed the Strait of Hormuz. Trump did not foresee this outcome, although he was warned of it. He told his team that the Iranian government would give up before it closed the strait and, if it did manage to close the strait, the U.S. military would handle it. The journalists report Trump has &#8220;marveled at the ease with which the strait was closed.&#8221;</p><p>Once the strait was closed, the president flipped back and forth between demanding other countries help reopen it and insisting the U.S. didn&#8217;t need any help, between wanting to fight and calling for negotiations. On April 5, Easter morning, after the recovery of the second airman, he turned to trying to scare Iranian leaders into reopening the strait and ending the conflict, warning: &#8220;Open the F*ckin&#8217; Strait, you crazy bastards, or you&#8217;ll be living in Hell.&#8221;</p><p>He added an Islamic prayer to be as insulting as possible, he later told senior administration officials. That, like his threat that &#8220;a whole civilization will die tonight,&#8221; was &#8220;improvisational,&#8221; officials told Dawsey and Linskey.</p><p>Seemingly unable to figure out how to find a way out of the war, Trump has told aides he wants to focus on other topics, and shifted his attention to fundraising events for the midterms or details for his ballroom. Clara Ence Morse and Dan Diamond of the <em>Washington Post</em> offered proof of Trump&#8217;s growing enthusiasm for his ballroom, noting that he has called public attention to it on about a third of the days this year, mentioning it less than tariffs or Iran but more than healthcare insurance or affordability. And his focus on it has increased as the year has progressed.</p><p>On Friday, April 17, after Israel and the government of Lebanon agreed to a ceasefire, Iran opened the Strait of Hormuz to commercial&#8212;but not military&#8212;vessels.  Trump declared the strait was &#8220;completely open and ready for business&#8221; and that Iranian leaders had &#8220;agreed to everything,&#8221; including &#8220;never to close the Strait of Hormuz again.&#8221; But Iran&#8217;s chief negotiator posted on social media that Trump had made seven claims in an hour and that all seven of them were false. Iranians said that if the U.S. continued its blockade of Iranian ports, as Trump said it would, they would close the strait again.</p><p>On Saturday, they did, firing on a tanker and two other vessels, all of which left the encounters safely. Yesterday Trump announced on social media that the USS <em>Spruance</em> intercepted an Iranian-flagged cargo ship, the <em>Touska</em>, as it tried to pass the U.S. naval blockade of Iranian ports. According to Trump, the U.S. Navy &#8220;stopped them right in the tracks by blowing a hole in the engineroom&#8221; and then took control of the vessel. Trump posted: &#8220;We have full custody of the ship, and are seeing what&#8217;s on board!&#8221;</p><p>Senator Chris Murphy (D-CT) posted: &#8220;We are spending billions to keep our entire navy in the Strait to fecklessly fail to open a waterway that wasn&#8217;t closed until Trump&#8217;s pointless war of choice closed it. He&#8217;s just burning your tax money.&#8221;</p><p>The two-week ceasefire between the U.S. and Iran, begun on April 7, expires on Wednesday, April 22. On Friday, Trump said: &#8220;Maybe I won&#8217;t extend it, but the blockade is going to remain. But maybe I won&#8217;t extend it, so you have a blockade, and unfortunately, we&#8217;ll have to start dropping bombs again.&#8221;</p><p>Today Nick Marsh of the BBC explained the fact pattern behind the general suspicion that someone is engaging in insider trading over Trump&#8217;s war announcements. After matching the president&#8217;s market-moving statements to the trade volume on a number of financial markets, Marsh found &#8220;a consistent pattern of spikes just hours, or sometimes minutes, before a social media post or media interview was made public.&#8221; Marsh notes a similar spike over Trump&#8217;s announcement of his &#8220;Liberation Day&#8221; tariffs of last April.</p><p>A new NBC News Decision Desk Poll out yesterday showed that 63% of Americans disapprove of Trump&#8217;s job performance, while only 37% approve. Fifty percent say they disapprove strongly, a sign that they will be highly motivated to vote in the midterms. Sixty-seven percent of Americans disapprove of Trump&#8217;s handling of Iran, including 54% who strongly disapprove.</p><p>This morning, Trump&#8217;s social media account responded to the bad news of the weekend, including the <em>Wall Street Journal </em>story, by dismissing it. &#8220;Israel never talked me into the war with Iran,&#8221; the account posted. &#8220;[T]he results of Oct[ober] 7th, added to my lifelong opinion that IRAN CAN NEVER HAVE A NUCLEAR WEAPON, did. I watch and read the FAKE NEWS Pundits and Polls in total disbelief. 90% of what they say are lies and made up stories, and the polls are rigged, much as the 2020 Presidential Election was rigged. Just like the results in Venezuela, which the media doesn&#8217;t like talking about, the results in Iran will be amazing&#8212;And if Iran&#8217;s new leaders (Regime Change!) are smart, Iran can have a great and prosperous future! President DJT&#8221;</p><p>Over the weekend, David S. Cloud, Alexander Saeedy, and Nick Timiraos of the <em>Wall Street Journal</em> reported that officials from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) have asked Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent and Treasury and Federal Reserve officials if the U.S. will provide a financial backstop for the UAE if the Iran war continues to damage its economy.</p><p>Meanwhile, over the weekend, Senator Jon Ossoff (D-GA) reminded an audience that Jared Kushner, Trump&#8217;s son-in-law, is &#8220;on the Saudi payroll for $2 billion,&#8221; a reference to the $2 billion a Saudi sovereign wealth fund controlled by Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman (MBS) has invested in Kushner&#8217;s private equity firm.</p><p>&#8220;And now he&#8217;s leading American diplomacy in the Middle East. Apparently, while at the very same time, asking princes and sheikhs across the Arab world to give him billions more. If you&#8217;re watching this online, don&#8217;t take my word for it. Look it up for yourself.</p><p>&#8220;Can you imagine&#8230;a normal sitting U.S. ambassador just hitting up Saudi Grand Prince Mohammed bin Salman for billions of dollars? But he&#8217;s a Trump. A royal. A princeling. The rules are for us, not for them.</p><p>&#8220;And it&#8217;s not just Jared getting in on the action. A company owned in part by Eric and Don Jr. has been pitching Gulf kingdoms on its drone interceptors during this war. The <em>Financial Times</em> reported: &#8216;Pete Hegseth&#8217;s broker looked to buy defense fund before Iran attack.&#8217;</p><p>&#8220;I tell you what, never before have we seen so little effort to hide so much corruption. The Mar-a-Lago Mafia has taken American corruption to spectacular new heights.&#8221;</p><p>This afternoon, Trump&#8217;s account posted: &#8220;I&#8217;m winning a War, BY A LOT, things are going very well.&#8221;</p><p>But things were not going very well. On Friday, Sarah Fitzpatrick published an article in <em>The Atlantic</em> that portrayed Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) director Kash Patel as a poor manager who is terrified he is going to lose his job and whose overuse of alcohol, tendency to disappear, and purges of FBI agents who had investigated Trump endanger our national security.</p><p>After Patel&#8217;s behavior in the locker room of the U.S. men&#8217;s Olympic hockey team, during which he was filmed shouting and chugging a beer, Ryan J. Reilly, Gordon Lubold, and Katherine Doyle of NBC News reported that Trump was unhappy with Patel over the incident. Shortly afterward, Patel directed the FBI to fire at least half a dozen FBI employees who had been connected to the 2022 search of Mar-a-Lago, the Trump Organization&#8217;s property in Florida, where Trump was storing classified documents he retained after his first term.</p><p>Over the weekend, Patel seemed to try again to curry favor with the president. He told Fox News Channel host Maria Bartiromo that the Department of Justice is about to make arrests related to the 2020 presidential election that Trump insists&#8212;falsely&#8212;was rigged. &#8220;We have the information that backs President Trump&#8217;s claim,&#8221; Patel said.</p><p>This morning, Patel sued <em>The Atlantic</em> and Fitzpatrick for $250 million for publishing &#8220;a sweeping, malicious, and defamatory hit piece,&#8221; full of &#8220;obviously fabricated allegations.&#8221; The suit says &#8220;Director Patel does not drink to excess&#8230;, and this has not, and has never been, a source of concern across the government.&#8221;</p><p><em>The Atlantic</em> says: &#8220;We stand by our reporting on Kash Patel, and we will vigorously defend <em>The Atlantic </em>and our journalists against this meritless lawsuit.&#8221; Scott MacFarlane of <em>MeidasTouch</em> notes that the discovery phase of this defamation lawsuit, during which parties testify under oath, &#8220;could be quite something.&#8221;</p><p>And yet at the end of the day, it was Trump&#8217;s secretary of labor, Lori Chavez-DeRemer, who abruptly resigned after accusations that she has abused her position, drinks on the job, and has had an affair with a subordinate. An investigation into her conduct was nearing its completion. She is the third person to leave Trump&#8217;s cabinet: all are women.</p><p>When asked about Patel&#8217;s fitness for office, House minority leader Hakeem Jeffries said: &#8220;Kash Patel is deeply unqualified, deeply unserious, and his behavior is deeply un-American. And he should no longer be the FBI director. That shouldn&#8217;t surprise anyone that I hold that view because he never should have been confirmed to begin with. And we have to stop putting all the blame on the people who nominated this incompetent, toxic, malignant individual. What about the people who confirmed him? And it&#8217;s extraordinary to me that Senate Republicans confirmed people like Kristi Noem, Pam Bondi, Pete Hegseth, RFK Jr., and Kash Patel. All of them. Deeply unserious and deeply unqualified. And now the country is paying the price because of the individuals that Donald Trump chose to nominate as part of the Trump cartel that&#8217;s now doing great damage to the nation, and the fact that Senate Republicans, like helpless sheep, went along with it all.&#8221;</p><p>&#8212;</p><p>Notes:</p><p><a href="https://www.wsj.com/politics/national-security/trump-public-bravado-private-fear-59814dca?mod=hp_lista_pos1">https://www.wsj.com/politics/national-security/trump-public-bravado-private-fear-59814dca</a></p><p><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2026/04/19/trump-ballroom-public-mentions/">https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2026/04/19/trump-ballroom-public-mentions/</a></p><p><a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2026/04/18/trump-says-us-has-good-news-on-iran-talks-to-continue.html">https://www.cnbc.com/2026/04/18/trump-says-us-has-good-news-on-iran-talks-to-continue.html</a></p><p><a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cge0grppe3po">https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cge0grppe3po</a></p><p><a href="https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.dcd.291527/gov.uscourts.dcd.291527.1.0.pdf">https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.dcd.291527/gov.uscourts.dcd.291527.1.0.pdf</a></p><p><a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/trump-administration/kash-patel-lawsuit-atlantic-allegations-drinking-absences-rcna341001">https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/trump-administration/kash-patel-lawsuit-atlantic-allegations-drinking-absences-rcna341001</a></p><p><a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/trump-administration/trump-fbi-director-kash-patel-olympics-hijinks-rcna260835">https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/trump-administration/trump-fbi-director-kash-patel-olympics-hijinks-rcna260835</a></p><p><a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/justice-department/kash-patel-fires-fbi-agents-tied-mar-lago-search-trump-documents-rcna260743">https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/justice-department/kash-patel-fires-fbi-agents-tied-mar-lago-search-trump-documents-rcna260743</a></p><p><a href="https://www.michigan.gov/ag/-/media/Project/Websites/AG/releases/2026/April/DOJ-Letter-to-Wayne-County.pdf">https://www.michigan.gov/ag/-/media/Project/Websites/AG/releases/2026/April/DOJ-Letter-to-Wayne-County.pdf</a></p><p><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2026/03/11/congressional-democrats-trump-library/">https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2026/03/11/congressional-democrats-trump-library/</a></p><p><a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/poll-trumps-approval-rating-hits-second-term-low-economy-iran-war-rcna331462">https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/poll-trumps-approval-rating-hits-second-term-low-economy-iran-war-rcna331462</a></p><p><a href="https://www.democracydocket.com/news-alerts/fbi-director-says-arrests-coming-soon-on-2020-rigged-election-conspiracy/">https://www.democracydocket.com/news-alerts/fbi-director-says-arrests-coming-soon-on-2020-rigged-election-conspiracy/</a></p><p><a href="https://www.wsj.com/world/middle-east/u-a-e-asks-u-s-for-a-wartime-financial-lifeline-3f9ea3a0">https://www.wsj.com/world/middle-east/u-a-e-asks-u-s-for-a-wartime-financial-lifeline-3f9ea3a0</a></p><p><a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-68296877">https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-68296877</a></p><p><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2026/04/17/world/middleeast/trump-iran-war-truth-social-posts.html">https://www.nytimes.com/2026/04/17/world/middleeast/trump-iran-war-truth-social-posts.html</a></p><p><a href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/trump-labor-secretary-resigns-lori-chavez-deremer-b2961427.html">https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/trump-labor-secretary-resigns-lori-chavez-deremer-b2961427.html</a></p><p><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2026/04/15/us/politics/labor-secretary-text-messages.html">https://www.nytimes.com/2026/04/15/us/politics/labor-secretary-text-messages.html</a></p><p><a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/2026/04/kash-patel-fbi-director-drinking-absences/686839/">https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/2026/04/kash-patel-fbi-director-drinking-absences/686839</a></p><p>Bluesky:</p><p><a href="https://bsky.app/profile/chrismurphyct.bsky.social/post/3mjv47qzagc23">chrismurphyct.bsky.social/post/3mjv47qzagc23</a></p><p><a href="https://bsky.app/profile/atrupar.com/post/3mjwnyff23s26">atrupar.com/post/3mjwnyff23s26</a></p><p><a href="https://bsky.app/profile/macfarlanenews.bsky.social/post/3mjwp5mex5k2g">macfarlanenews.bsky.social/post/3mjwp5mex5k2g</a></p><p><a href="https://bsky.app/profile/adamparkhomenko.bsky.social/post/3mjsq4n347k2p">adamparkhomenko.bsky.social/post/3mjsq4n347k2p</a></p><p><a href="https://bsky.app/profile/thetnholler.bsky.social/post/3mjxaws3yr22d">thetnholler.bsky.social/post/3mjxaws3yr22d</a></p><p><a href="https://bsky.app/profile/nancylevinestearns.bsky.social/post/3mjf3gpjxgc2y">nancylevinestearns.bsky.social/post/3mjf3gpjxgc2y</a></p><p><a href="https://bsky.app/profile/atrupar.com/post/3mjxbawikik26">atrupar.com/post/3mjxbawikik26</a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/april-20-2026?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/april-20-2026?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Could the King Be Checked By the People?]]></title><link>https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/could-the-king-be-checked-by-the</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/could-the-king-be-checked-by-the</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Heather Cox Richardson]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 20 Apr 2026 19:07:28 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/194831430/3efa885ed3498257e7124c722d0312c4.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[April 19, 2026]]></title><description><![CDATA[On the evening of April 18, 1775, the people who lived in the British colony of Massachusetts had gone to bed with the sun, as usual.]]></description><link>https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/april-19-2026</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/april-19-2026</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Heather Cox Richardson]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 20 Apr 2026 04:08:22 GMT</pubDate><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>On the evening of April 18, 1775, the people who lived in the British colony of Massachusetts had gone to bed with the sun, as usual. By  the evening of April 19, everything had changed. In the past twenty-four hours, soldiers from their own government had opened fire on them, killing their own people. And Massachusetts men had fired back.</p><p>It was hard to understand how things had gotten so bad. Only a dozen years before, at the end of the French and Indian War in 1763, Bostonians had looked forward to a happy future in the British empire. British authorities had spent time and money protecting the colonies, and colonists saw themselves as valued members of the empire. They expected to prosper as they moved to the rich lands on the other side of the Appalachian Mountains and their ships plied the oceans to expand the colonies&#8217; trade with other countries.</p><p>But that euphoria faded fast. Almost as soon as the war was over, to prevent colonists from stirring up another expensive struggle with Indigenous Americans, King George III prohibited the colonists from crossing the Appalachian Mountains. Then, to pay for the war just past, the king&#8217;s ministers pushed through Parliament a number of revenue laws.</p><p>In 1765, Parliament passed the Stamp Act, requiring the payment of a tax on all printed material&#8212;from newspapers and legal documents to playing cards. It would hit virtually everyone in the North American colonies. Knowing that local juries would acquit their fellow colonists who violated the revenue acts, Parliament took away the right to civil trials and declared that suspects would be tried before admiralty courts overseen by British military officers. Then Parliament required colonials to pay the expenses for the room and board of British troops who would be stationed in the colonies, a law known as the Quartering Act.</p><p>But what Parliament saw as a way to raise money to pay for an expensive war&#8212;one that had benefited the colonists, after all&#8212;colonial leaders saw as an abuse of power. The British government had regulated trade in the empire for more than a century. But now, for the first time, the British government had placed a direct tax on the colonists without their consent, a right the king had guaranteed to Englishmen in the Magna Carta of 1215. Then it had taken away the right to a trial by jury&#8212;also a historical right&#8212;and now it was forcing colonists to pay for a military to police them.</p><p>Far more than money was at stake. The fight over the Stamp Act tapped into a struggle over a profound question of human governance: Could the king be checked by the people?</p><p>This was a question the colonists were perhaps uniquely qualified to answer. While the North American colonies were governed officially by the British crown, the distance between England and the colonies meant that colonial assemblies often had to make rules on the ground. Those assemblies controlled the power of the purse, which gave them the upper hand over royal officials, who had to await orders from England that often took months to arrive. This chaotic system enabled the colonists to carve out a new approach to politics even while they were living in the British empire.</p><p>Colonists naturally began to grasp that the exercise of power was not the province of a divinely ordained leader, but something temporary that depended on local residents&#8217; willingness to support the men who were exercising that power.</p><p>The Stamp Act threatened to overturn that longstanding system, replacing it with tyranny.</p><p>When news of the Stamp Act arrived in Boston, a group of dockhands, sailors, and workers took to the streets, calling themselves the Sons of Liberty. They warned colonists that their rights as Englishmen were under attack. Lawyer John Adams recognized that the Sons of Liberty were changing the political equation. He wrote that gatherings of the Sons of Liberty &#8220;tinge the Minds of the People, they impregnate them with the sentiments of Liberty. They render the People fond of their Leaders in the Cause, and averse and bitter against all opposers.&#8221;</p><p>John Adams&#8217;s cousin Samuel Adams, who was deeply involved with the Sons of Liberty, recognized that building a coalition in defense of liberty within the British system required conversation and cooperation. As clerk of the Massachusetts legislature, he was responsible for corresponding with other colonial legislatures. Across the colonies, the Sons of Liberty began writing to like-minded friends, informing them about local events, asking after their circumstances, organizing.</p><p>They spurred people to action. By 1766 the Stamp Act was costing more to enforce than it was producing in revenue, and Parliament agreed to end it. But it explicitly claimed &#8220;full power and authority to make laws and statutes...to bind the colonies and people of America...in all cases whatsoever.&#8221; It imposed new revenue measures.</p><p>News of new taxes reached Boston in late 1767. The Massachusetts legislature promptly circulated a letter to the other colonies opposing taxation without representation and standing firm on the colonists&#8217; right to equality in the British empire. The Sons of Liberty and their associates called for boycotts on taxed goods and broke into the warehouses of those they suspected weren&#8217;t complying, while women demonstrated their sympathy for the rights of colonists by producing their own cloth and drinking coffee rather than relying on tea.</p><p>British officials worried that colonists in Boston were on the edge of revolt, and they sent troops to restore order. But the troops&#8217; presence did not calm the town. Instead, fights erupted between locals and the British regulars.</p><p>Finally, in March 1770, British soldiers fired into a crowd of angry men and boys harassing them. They wounded six and killed five, including Crispus Attucks, a Black man who became the first to die in the attack. Son of Liberty Paul Revere turned the altercation into the &#8220;Boston Massacre.&#8221; His instantly famous engraving showed soldiers in red coats smiling as they shot at colonists, &#8220;Like fierce Barbarians grinning o&#8217;er their Prey; Approve the Carnage, and enjoy the Day.&#8221;</p><p>Parliament promptly removed the British troops to an island in Boston Harbor and got rid of all but one of the new taxes. They left the one on tea, keeping the issue of taxation without representation on the table. Then, in May 1773, Parliament gave the East India Tea Company a monopoly on tea sales in the colonies. By lowering the cost of tea in the colonies, it meant to persuade people to buy the taxed tea, thus establishing Parliament&#8217;s right to impose a tax on the colonies.</p><p>In Boston, local leaders posted a citizen guard on Griffin&#8217;s Wharf at the harbor to make sure tea could not be unloaded. On December 16, 1773, men dressed as Indigenous Americans boarded three merchant ships. They broke open 342 chests of tea and dumped the valuable leaves overboard.</p><p>Parliament closed the port of Boston, stripped the colony of its charter, flooded soldiers back into the town, and demanded payment for the tea. Colonists promptly organized the Massachusetts Provincial Congress and took control of the colony. The provincial congress met in Concord, where it stockpiled supplies and weapons, and called for towns to create &#8220;minute men&#8221; who could fight at a moment&#8217;s notice.</p><p>British officials were determined to end what they saw as a rebellion. In April they ordered military governor General Thomas Gage to arrest colonial leaders Samuel Adams and John Hancock, who had left Boston to take shelter with one of Hancock&#8217;s relatives in the nearby town of Lexington. From there they could seize the military supplies at Concord. British officials hoped that seizing both the men and the munitions would end the crisis.</p><p>But about thirty of the Sons of Liberty had been watching the soldiers and gathering intelligence. When the soldiers set out on the night of April 18, two Sons of Liberty flashed two lanterns in the steeple of the Old North Church&#8212;the highest point in Boston&#8212;to signal to watchers that the soldiers were traveling across Boston Harbor to Charlestown. Armed with that knowledge, messengers could avoid the troops and raise the alarm along the roads to Lexington and Concord.</p><p>Paul Revere and William Dawes headed for Lexington. There, they warned Adams and Hancock and then set out for Concord. They picked up young doctor Samuel Prescott, who had been in Lexington courting, on their way. British soldiers stopped Revere and Dawes, but Prescott got away and made it to Concord. As they heard the news, families set off a system of &#8220;alarm and muster&#8221; developed months before for just such an occasion, ringing bells and banging drums to alert the next house that there was an emergency.</p><p>Just before dawn on that chilly, dark April morning, militiamen had heard the news and were converging on Lexington Green. When the soldiers marched onto the Lexington town green in the darkness just before dawn, they found several dozen minute men waiting for them. An officer ordered the men to leave, and they began to mill around, some of them leaving, others staying. And then, just as the sun was coming up, a gun went off. The soldiers opened fire. When the locals realized the soldiers were firing not just powder, but also lead musket balls, most ran. Eight locals were killed, and another dozen wounded.</p><p>The outnumbered militiamen fell back to tend their wounded, and about 300 Regulars marched on Concord to destroy the guns and powder there. But news of the arriving soldiers and the shooting on Lexington town green had spread through the colonists&#8217; communication network, and militiamen from as far away as Worcester were either in Concord or on their way. By midmorning the Regulars were outnumbered and in battle with about 400 militiamen. They pulled back to the main body of British troops still in Lexington.</p><p>The Regulars headed back to Boston, but by then militiamen had converged on their route. The Regulars had been awake for almost two days with only a short rest, and they were tired. Militiamen fired at them not in organized lines, as soldiers were accustomed to, but in the style they had learned from Indigenous Americans, shooting from behind trees, houses, and the glacial boulders littered along the road. This way of war used the North American landscape to their advantage. They picked off British officers, dressed in distinct uniforms, first. By that evening, more than three hundred British soldiers and colonists lay dead or wounded.</p><p>Even before the British soldiers made it back down the Battle Road from Concord on April 19, militiamen&#8212;both white and Black, free and enslaved&#8212;from the Massachusetts countryside, furious that soldiers of their own government had shot at them and killed their neighbors, rushed to surround Boston, laying siege to the soldiers and British officials there.</p><p>By the next morning, more than 15,000 militiamen surrounded the town of Boston. The Revolutionary War had begun. </p><p>Just over a year later, the fight that had started over the question of whether the king could be checked by the people would give the colonists an entirely new, radical answer to that question. On July 4, 1776, they declared the people had the right to be treated equally before the law, and they had the right to govern themselves.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/april-19-2026?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/april-19-2026?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item></channel></rss>